Chemical and Biological Systems of the Activity Oxygen Singlete in the Destruction of Microbial Cells in Photodynamic Therapy

Human skin is the largest and most remarkable organ of the body, consisting of an integrated, stretchable network of sensors that relay information about tactile and thermal stimuli to the peripheral nervous system. It then compiles and transduces this information to the brain, which in turn sends new information back to the organs and tissues to execute responses such as biomolecule delivery (e.g. in liver, pancreas,…) or muscular action.

Background: We have synthesized silver nanoparticles using fungi. The larvicidal efficacy was noted when performed against all instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi at six different log concentrations after 24 h of exposures using the probit analysis.

Methods: The nanoparticles have been characterized through Micro-scan reader, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, and further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. After characterization, these aqueous silver nanoparticles have been tested in 1:1 combinations (Chrysosporium tropicum Ag nanoparticles: Chrysosporium keratinophilum Ag nanoparticles, Chrysosporium tropicum Ag nanoparticles: Fusarium oxysporum Ag nanoparticles, Chrysosporium. tropicum Ag nanoparticles: Aspergillus niger Ag nanoparticles, Chrysosporium tropicum Ag nanoparticles: Verticillium lecanii Ag nanoparticles, Fusarium oxysporum Ag nanoparticles: Chrysosporium keratinophilum Ag nanoparticles, Fusarium oxysporum Ag nanoparticles: Aspergillus niger Ag nanoparticles, Fusarium oxysporum Ag nanoparticles: Verticillium lecanii Ag nanoparticles, Aspergillus niger Ag nanoparticles: Verticillium lecanii Ag nanoparticles, Aspergillus niger Ag nanoparticles: Chrysosporium keratinophilum Ag nanoparticles, and Verticillium lecanii Ag nanoparticles: Chrysosporium keratinophilum Ag nanoparticles, respectively). These combinations have also been tested as larvicides against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi.

Results: The all larval stages of Cx. quinquefasciatus were found more susceptible to the combinations than the An. stephensi.

Conclusion: The results suggest that this could be a useful tool for mosquito control.

Melanoma skin cancer is an aggressive tumour with an increasing incidence. In recent years, the treatment options for the advanced disease have expanded dramatically with the employment of targeted therapy and the immunotherapy. However, the high rate of non-response, the toxicity, and the induced drug resistance remain unmet clinical problems. Scientists are expecting a further advance with the application of nanotechnology in melanoma treatment and diagnosis. In this review, we present an up-date on the latest pre-clinical studies (2015- 2016) on nanomedicine with potential use in the clinical management of this disease.

The investigation of lipid films for the construction of biosensors has recently given the opportunity to manufacture devices to selectively detect a wide range of food toxicants, environmental pollutants and compounds of clinical interest. Biosensor miniaturization using nanotechnological tools has provided novel routes to immobilize various “receptors” within the lipid film. This chapter reviews and exploits platforms in biosensors based on lipid membrane technology that are used in food, environmental and clinical chemistry to detect various toxicants. Examples of applications are described with an emphasis on novel systems, new sensing techniques and nanotechnologybased transduction schemes. The compounds that can be monitored are insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, metals, toxins, antibiotics, microorganisms, hormones, dioxins, etc.

This study focused on a high photo catalyst activity of TiO2 in addition to bleaching of different types of dyes. Titanium dioxide Nano particles were successfully synthesized by sol Gel method, then the gel has been dried at 400°C to obtain TiO2 Nano powder. The synthesized Nano powder has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet spectroscopy (Uv-Vis). A system of photocatalytic with UV- lamp (365nm) to activate a thin layer of TiO2 particles on glass substrate was set up, and the effect of activated TiO2 on degradation of methyl orange and Eriochrom black T as a model of organic pollutants were investigated in ppm concentration over period time of 6 hours. The results shown that Titanium dioxide nanoparticle shows a high efficiency to degradation of dyes. The highest percentages were 95.69%, 97.96% for MO and EBT respectively.