Keywords
Risk assessment; Poly (Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride); Residual polyelectrolyte; Disinfection By-products; N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Abstract
A preliminary study on the occurrence, fate, and environmental risk assessment of residual Poly-Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (Poly-DADMAC), and some disinfection by-products, in raw dam and treated potable waters, was undertaken. Residual poly-DADMAC in drinking water was determined by the gold nanoparticle, UV-Vis, colorimetric method. The observed, residual poly-DADMAC levels, (range: 1-5µg/L) were, on average (±SD) (µg/L), for the potable water levels, 1.63 (±0.59) for Hazelmere Dam, 1.52 (±0.42) for Midmar Dam, 3.64 (±0.34) for Inanda Dam, and 4.33 (±0.97) for Nagle Dam. The analytical method used to quantify the residual poly-DADMAC was found to be fairly acceptable for the environmental risk assessment of this polymeric coagulant in drinking water. The study indicated compliance of all treated, potable water, for residual poly-DADMAC, to the current international limit of ≤50µg/L. The estimated N-Nitrosodimethylamine (N-NDMA) levels were 142ng/L for Hazelmere and 139ng/L for DV Harris, which exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of ≤100 ng/L.
Citation
Manickum T. Occurrence, Fate and Preliminary Environmental Risk Assessment of Residual Poly Diallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride, and Some Disinfection By-Products, in Treated (Potable), and Environmental, Waters in the Umgeni Water Catchment in Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa). SM J Public Health Epidemiol. 2017; 3(2): 1043.