Abstract
Trypanosomiasis is a disease complex caused by several species of unicellular protozoal parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. In Ethiopia, bovine trypanomiasis is highly prevalent in low lands of tsetse infested areas and distribution is found to be widespread covering most parts of Western and south-western parts of the country and some species are distributed throughout the countries. The most important trypanosomes, in terms of economic loss in domestic livestock, are tsetse transmitted species: T. Congolese, T. vivax, and T. brucei. Trypanosomiasis remains a serious challenge causes economic losses and main constraint of livestock production and rural development in the country. In Ethiopia, the temporal and spatial distribution of bovine Trypanosomiasis, information on dynamics of tsetse, tsetse infested areas and seasonal occurrence of bovine trypanomiasis is limited. But tsetse flies are biological vectors of African Trypanosomiasis in animals. Their distribution and prevalence are most influenced by spatial factors such as climate, vegetation, and land utilization. It is transmitted from infected animals to susceptible hosts both mechanical and biological vectors and is characterized by enlargement of lymph nodes, and chronic emaciation, this disease can be diagnosed by clinical signs, or direct and indirect parasitological diagnosis. Once infection of bovine trypanomiasis has happened, it can be treated by diminazene aceturate, homidium bromide, homidium chloride, and isometamidium and quinapyramine sulfate. Bovine trypanomiasis can be controlled by early treatment of infected animals, and vector control. Thus, it is recommended that appropriate use of antiprotozoal drugs, restriction of animal movement, and integrated prevention and control program should be implemented to eradicate trypanomiasis and protozoal disease.
Citation
WeldeMariam DT, Demise E, (2024) Study on Current Status of Bovine Trypanosomiasis and Its Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Vectors in Ethiopia: Systematic Review. SM Trop Med J 6: 9.