Reasons for the Growth Rate of Cancer - Is Improving Health Care System: Hypothesis

Urinary incontinence and falls are prevalent health conditions in the older population. Although there are many recommended functional falls assessments available, there is lacking evidence on the use of UI for falls screenings. This paper includes a mini review on urinary incontinence and falls assessments in the older population, and a preliminary case series investigating the relationship between UI and functional falls assessments. Analysis of sex and UI suggests that sex and urinary incontinence are not independent over the age of 65 (p = 0.1667). Urinary incontinence and fall risk per functional measure were strongly rank-correlated for the under 65 population (ρ = 1, p = 0.1333), as were UI and TUG score (ρ = 0.8281, p = 0.1333), and total number of fall risk factors and fall risk per functional measure (ρ = 0.8402, p = 0.1333). In the participants under 65 years old, those with UI have a tendency to demonstrate higher TUG scores and a higher likelihood of being identified as a potential faller; the under 65 cohort also demonstrates a higher number of risk factors when testing positively on the included functional fall measures.

We present a short review of human skin aging with a complete list of our previous publications as well as on fibroblasts and their aging process. Age-dependent skin loss was measured on biopsy samples from a relatively large number of Caucasian Europeans, males and females, showing a loss with age of about 7% of the “original” (0 age) skin thickness every 10 years. The age-dependent loss of two major constituents of the skin extracellular matrix, collagen and elastin and their age-dependent modifications are described in some detail. We insisted on the age-dependent loss of hyaluronan, the most important reason of loss of hydration and wrinkling.

Purpose: Complex analysis of the effect of Cerebrolysin (intravenous infusion of 10 ml for 10 days) on the hemodynamic and bioelectrical activity of the brain.

Methods: Total 25 elderly patients who developed post-atherothrombotic ischemic stroke (nearly one year after acute period) were included into study. Their electroencephalogram was recorded on the 16-channel electroencephalograph 110 Neurofax EEG (NichonKogden). An ultrasonic duplex scanning of head and neck vessels was done on the device APPLIO 600 (Toshiba).

Results and Discussion: Due to Cerebrolysin treatment we observed the statistical increase of Linear Systolic Blood Flow (LSBF) rate in some brain vessels Besides, we have observed positive reorganization of bioelectric brain activity, decrease in delta and theta power in separate areas of both hemispheres and alpha rhythm power in all areas of the right/left hemispheres against a background of increased alpha rhythm frequency. Cerebrolysin harmonized inter-systemic interrelations between the power of separate rhythms of brain bioelectric activity and cerebral hemodynamic (LSBF).

Conclusion: Thus Cerebrolysin effects on the brain bioelectric activity are more harmonious in the patients with left- versus right-sided stroke localization that apparently determines the hemispheric peculiarities of recovery processes

Urethral Bulking Agents (UBAs) are injected locally as a minimally invasive procedure for Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) and are beneficial for properly selected patients. Many different materials have been developed and are available, although none so far meet all the requirements of an ideal agent. The first UBA was cross-linked bovine collagen (Contigen®), followed by autologous fat injections, solid silicone particles (Macroplastique®), microspheres covered with pyrolytic carbon (Durasphere®), calcium hydroxyapatite (Coaptite®), polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid®), and dextran/HA copolymer (Zuidex®). The latest product development is PDMS-U, a silicone gel bulking agent that polymerizes in situ (Urolastic®).

The ideal urinary bulking agent could consist of permanent microspheres, which immediately elicit a modest foreign body reaction along with the production of fibro-vascular tissue, which encapsulate every single microsphere individually and prevent their migration from the injection site. Polymethylmethacrylate microspheres have a successful history as dermal fillers used world-wide and can be safely injected submucosally at the urinary sphincter under direct vision, rather than peri-urethrally into the muscle like most of the present agents.

Overall, short-term clinical results with most of the currently used urinary bulking agents are encouraging; however, longer follow-up results are often disappointing and retreatment is required. Proper patient selection and a safe, biocompatible and non-migrating bulking agent that elicits permanent fibro-vascular tissue formation at the injection site are paramount to successful treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

Background: The periprosthetic femoral fractures after hip arthroplasty represent a challenge for orthopedic surgeons in the oldest patients. The type B2 fracture with stem loosening is usually treated by revision of the implant. We assessed if internal fixation alone could be an alternative for treating the elderly population. This surgical procedure is less complex and can provide enough stability, thus allowing patients to recover their mobility.

Methods: Twenty six patients with type B2 fracture were treated. 16 patients had a revision surgery while 10 received internal fixation. The Parker Score, the Functional Ambulation Classification and ambulatory scores were all used before and after surgery.

Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic data, preoperative status and perioperative data. Only the duration of surgery was significantly lower in the internal fixation group. In postoperative, no scores showed differences between groups. In both groups, we observed significant difference in pre vs early post-operative scores with a decrease of the functional status. At the late postoperatively stage, no significant differences were observed compared to pre-operative scores. The occurrence of complications was similar between the groups. 20% of patients died after internal fixation procedure and 13% after revision.

Conclusions: There are no differences in terms of autonomy recovery between both procedures. We thus can envision internal fixation as an adequate alternative in elderly patients.

This study examined the relationship between the olfactory function and the prefrontal function decline using longitudinal data. An individual linear regression coefficient (developmental decline slope) from 65 to 75 years of age for performance on the Digit Cancellation test (D-CAT), a personal function test, was calculated from the Yakumo study database (N=2,972; 36.8% males, 63.2% females), and the Odor Stick Identification Test was administered to healthy elderly people. The results showed that performance on odor identification was highly correlated with the longitudinal decline slope of attention performance, but not with that of logical memory performance. These results are consistent with the view that odor identification defects could be associated with aging-related decline in the prefrontal region, especially in elementary perceptual speed and executive function.

We report on an elderly patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and class IV Heart Failure (HF). He was intolerant to Sacubitril-Valsartan (S-V) due to prolonged symptomatic hypotension - in our means induced by an interaction between Tamsulosin (TAM) and S-V. After cessation of TAM the S-V could be administered followed by a great improvement in the patient’s HF status to NYHA class II. Elderly patients with HF have to be checked carefully for drug interactions, especially for those influencing blood pressure. It is important to establish S-V in symptomatic HF, because this could improve findings and symptoms even in the sickest and oldest patients.

Study Background: The telehealth in home health care study aimed to determine patients’ satisfaction with or without the use of telehealth technology in home health care. As the population continues to age and manage chronic disease, the use of tools such as telehealth assists the home health or visiting nurse to provide the best care and education to patients. Understanding patients’ perceptions regarding telehealth technologies in home care allows the practitioner to further understand one’s health belief and facilitate cues to changes in health behaviors toward management of chronic disease. The results of this study provide strength for the use of telehealth in home care and potentially contribute to the demand for reimbursement of telehealth.

Methods: Patient satisfaction was examined in older adult patients with heart failure in home health care. Eighty-six participants ranging in ages 59-99 with a mean age of 80.7 (sd = 8.9), voluntarily completed a questionnaire (HCSSI-R) of fifteen items. A comparison was made between and telehealth home health services and usual home health care. To answer the research question regarding the difference in patient satisfaction for patients using either telehealth vs. usual home health services in patients diagnosed with heart failure; an analysis of covariance, frequency distributions and descriptive statistics were completed to answer the research question.

Results: The dependent variable, total patient satisfaction score, was determined for the UHH group (n = 53), as 54.96 (sd = 5.2) and the TELE group (n = 33), as 56. 94 (sd = 3.8). Furthermore, an independent t-test comparing the mean patient satisfaction scores of the UHH and TELE groups found a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t (81.469) = -1.991, p<0.05) indicating that the telehealth home health group was more satisfied. When controlling for the demographic information of age, gender, prior home health services and living alone status, there was no significant impact on the patient satisfaction score.

Conclusion: It has been proven that telehealth in home care is cost-effective and produces favorable clinical outcomes in the management of chronic disease [1-3]. This study concludes that telehealth in home health care provides for a highly satisfied home health client managing chronic disease thereby contributing to the call for use and reimbursement of telehealth in home health care

“End of life” is typically a code for ending life, either by physician-assisted (or directed) termination or the withdrawal of hydration and nutrition. Here “end of life decision care” is critiqued not only for its imprecision-what does it mean, really? but because it permits ethicists and gerontologists to ignore the potential for care that can be provided those with chronic progressive conditions. Understanding the bias inherent in the phrase may result in different outcomes, and additional treatments, as cases cited by the author attempt to demonstrate.

The aim of the paper is to provide a brief overview of diabetes, its associated complications and related morbidity and mortality to highlight the importance of proactively discussing and planning for palliative and end of life care with older people. It suggests palliative and end of life care are essential components of quality diabetes management. Palliative care is no longer only associated with terminal cancer care in hospices: it is also recommended for other life limiting illnesses, including diabetes. Palliative and end of life care are defined, and the relationship among diabetes, the four health trajectories and end of life care is outlined. Strategies that can be used to help people maintain quality of life, dignity and autonomy are suggested for each trajectory. These strategies include health professionals having timely, meaningful conversations about palliative and end of life care with older people with diabetes and their families.