Two types of wood were investigated; Mahogany (Mellicae) and Bamboo (Mycapella) to smoke African catfish (Clarias gariapenus). The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the experimental fish were extracted using solvents and Ultrasonication and were analyzed for 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet diode detector. There was no significant difference between the two woods investigated (p>0.05). From the analysis, the result showed that some of the toxic and dangerous PAHs (Benzo (a) Pyrene, Benzo (a) Anthracene, Benzo: (b) Fluoranthene and Benzo (g, h, i) Pyrene.) was Not Detected (ND) in both wood-smoked fish. Mahogany (Mellicae) and Bamboo (Mycapella) used in smoked fish are not detrimental to humans. The total level of PAHs in Mahogany was 1320.9µg/kg while the total level of PAHs in Bamboo is 2058.1µg/kg. It can be concluded that the use of Bamboo and Mahogany for the purpose of smoking Fish is recommended as both wood do not contain high level of PAHs.

A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Dale Wabera municipal abattoir was conducted from June to October, 2016. A total of 384 randomly selected male cattle were examined during antemortem and postmortem inspections and a total prevalence of bovine cysticercosis was recorded as 25 (6.5%). The prevalence rates of Taenia saginata cysticercosis were 2.1%, 2.6% and 1.8%, respectively, in animals with poor, medium and good body conditions. The distributions of the cysts in cattle of highland and lowland areas were calculated and found to be 2.9% and 3.6%, respectively. The prevalence of C. bovis was also assessed based on different age groups of the cattle and it were found as 4.2% and 2.3% for cattle less than five years and for equal to or greater than five years respectively. There is no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the prevalence of cysticercosis between the different groups of origins, age and body conditions of the study animals. However, the differences in distribution of the cysts in different internal organs/tissues of the animals were statistically significant (P<0.05). The triceps muscles, masseter muscles, tongue, heart muscles and liver were the main predilection sites of the cysts in decreasing order as it was in triceps muscles (3.4%), masseter muscles (1.6%), tongue (0.7%), heart muscles (0.5%) and liver (0.2%). To conclude, the current study revealed the presence of high prevalence of T. saginata metacestodes in the major edible organs/tissues of the slaughtered cattle. Therefore, sufficient emphasis should be given to this problem by awareness creation for people not to consume raw meat and to use latrine to decrease the contamination of grazing areas. Additionally, it is important to do further study so as to improve health, quality and quantity of beef that may satisfy the domestic requirements of the country.

The aim of the presented study was an estimation of zinc bioavailability derived from amino acid chelate with glycine, lysine and methionine in growing lambs. 20 lambs at age about 10 weeks and average body weight of 20 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups. Control contain basal diet and 40mg/kg ZnSO4 DM. the 2nd,3rd and 4th groups contain basal diets and 40mg/kg Zn glycine chelate, 40mg/kg Zn lysine chelate and 40mg/kg Zn methionine chelate, respectively. At the end of the experiment, average body weight of lambs fed zinc methionine chelate showed significant improvements than control, zinc lysine and glycine chelate. The blood samples were taken, in tissue samples from liver, kidney and pancreas the content of zinc was determined. Absorption and retention of zinc were higher (p<0.05) in lambs receiving amino acid chelate (glycine, lysine and methionine chelate) than control (ZnSO4 ). The higher content of zinc in soft and hard tissue of lambs which received organic form of zinc might indicate better assimilation and bioavailability of zinc than sulphate form. Among tested organic forms of zinc, the zinc methionine complex was characterized as having the most advantageous property.

Background: Plant based remedies were commonly used to cover the healthcare demand of the livestock population in Ethiopia. However, the medicinal plants and the associated ethnoveterinary practices were not studied and documented to a prominent level in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was initiated to identify and document the medicinal plants used in the management of livestock diseases in Enarj Enawga District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Results: Ethnobotanical data were collected from February 1 to October 31, 2016 using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. Overall, 34 medicinal plant species belonging to 32 genera and 23 botanical families were documented. Solanaceae, the most dominant plant family, was represented by six species (17.65%). The majority of the medicinal plants belong to the herb (44.44%) and shrub (35.29%) categories and most of them were cultivated from the wild (52.94%) habitats. Roots (42.11%) and leaves (31.581%) were the most frequently used plant parts for the preparation of remedies. Oral (66.66%) was the principal route of remedy administration followed by dermal (15.75%) and ophthalmic (8.77%). The study also revealed Calotropic procera as the most preferred medicinal plant species for treating swelling in the District.

Conclusion: This study documented the most commonly used medicinal plant species to treat different livestock ailments in Enarj Enawga District. The majority of the recorded medicinal plants was shown to have high fidelity level (FL) and should be considered for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.

Whey is the liquid residue of cheese and casein production and it is one of the biggest reservoirs of food protein still remaining largely outside human consumption channels. The studies on whey based RTS beverages from fruit extract were carried out at Department of Dairy science of Mahatma Basweshwar Mahavidyalaya, Latur. The whey based Ready To Serve (RTS) beverage is prepared by using Grape fruit extract juice with different levels of grape juice in which sugar was added and composition of whey is decreased by increasing the content of grape fruit extract juice on the basis of whey in the treatment T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Control treatment (T0) was the whey. Sensory evaluation was carried out by panelists on the basis of 9 point hedonic scale. The result is compared between the treatments T1, T2 and T3 for overall acceptability.