Reproductive functions of dairy cattle are temporarily or persistently disturbed by reproductive health disorders. Reproductive health disorders are found to be a major reason for decreased reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle. These decreased reproductive efficiency results in heavy economic loss due to prolonged conception rate and calving interval, reduced fertility; drop in milk production, poor calf crop, early involuntary culling and replacement management as well as increased medication cost. Some of major reproductive health problems that have direct impact in reproductive efficiency and economy include: abortion, metritis, endometrits, pyometra, retention of placenta, vaginal and uterine prolapse, dystocia, anoestrus and repeat breeder. It is very difficult to diagnose these problems by one particular disorder or symptom because there is interrelation between predisposing factors such as management practice, nutrition and environment and the problems themselves are interrelated. The heavy economic losses and animal health problems can be reduced by appropriate diagnoses and treatment, and applying effective preventive measures. There are only few studies on prevalence of major reproductive health problems in Ethiopia and these studies show that they are common problems that need due attention. These problems can be prevented through strong extension service, which includes creating awareness to farmers. Moreover, further studies are needed particularly in rural areas where the majority of cows are found. Also compiling data on the subject in question at national level is of paramount importance for planning and application of good control and prevention approach.