T he 17-year-old female patient presented herself for the first planned inward treatment. She reported having smoked Cannabis since the age of 13 years. At the age of 15 she smoked Heroin for the first time, and she did so (2 to 3 g daily) until the beginning of her substitution treatment five months ago with 80 mg L-Polamidon which she received from a general practitioner. In contact cautious, visibly excited and a sad basic mood she wished a detoxification treatment and subsequent psychotherapy. She was born in Iran. The father was a professional bodybuilder and was murdered in 2002 there. The 45-year-old mother had a fitness club in Iran. The patient immigrated to Turkey at the age of ten together with her mom and 18-year-old sister. Her mother and her sister still lived in Turkey. She reported in good English about the separation from her mother after beginning to work with 13 years. At the age of 15, her uncle from Iran met her and lured her into an apartment. Against her will he married her with his son, her cousin. He mistreated her and after month she had succeeded in escaping, come to Germany via Greece. Living in a girls’ home for five months she was attending school, showing good achievements and liked to be an ergotherapist, because she love to work with her hands, paint and do yoga.

Ketamine misuse is the most common illicit drug used in Singapore, Hong Kong and areas of China and Taiwan. A Chinese American male presented to our inpatient rehabilitation unit with genital urinary complaints, of hematuria, dysuria and frequency. He had been misusing ketamine for many years and had similar complaints in the past. Healthcare providers should be aware that ketamine user disorder may present primarily with genital urinary complaints. Cessation of ketamine use is of upmost importance since chronic irreversible fibrosis of the genital urinary tract may occur with continued misuse.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine whether waterpipe use may contribute to the onset of cigarette use or if it may help current cigarette smokers reduce or quit cigarette smoking.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 622 current waterpipe smokers selected randomly from within 15 different randomly selected waterpipe lounges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using an iPad volunteers completed a self-administered survey regarding their smoking history, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and demographics. Those who initially started smoking with waterpipe and those who initially started smoking with cigarettes were analyzed separately.

Results: Logistic regression showed that both the years of waterpipe use and withdrawal symptoms significantly predicted being a current cigarette smoker (waterpipe starters: years of waterpipe use: OR=1.18, C.I.=[1.07-1.30] withdrawal symptoms: OR=1.11, C.I.=[1.01-1.22] and cigarette starters: years of waterpipe use: OR=1.08, C.I.=[1.00-1.17] withdrawal symptoms: OR=1.15, C.I.=[1.03-1.27]. However, the likelihood of being a current cigarette smoker decreased as age and frequency of waterpipe use increased. Additionally, there was evidence that waterpipe withdrawal symptoms were predicted by frequency of waterpipe use.

Conclusions: Waterpipe use may be a potential gateway to cigarette use. However, among those who initially started smoking with cigarettes, older age and greater frequency of waterpipe may protect against cigarette use.

Implications: The study findings add additional evidence that smoking waterpipe may lead to initiate another smoking behavior, in a particular cigarette use, especially among young individuals. However, long history and greater use of waterpipe could be associated with less likelihood of being a current cigarette user. Health promotion and intervention programs must consider the mutual association between waterpipe and cigarette use among youth and young adults in order to develop effective health promotion programs.

Background: The difference in life expectancy at birth between males and females in Russia is unprecedently high compared with developed countries.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the aggregate-level relationship between the consumption of different alcoholic beverages and gender difference in life expectancy in Russia between 1970 and 2015.

Method: To estimate the relation between these variables across the study period a time series analysis was performed using the statistical package “Statistica 12. Stat Soft”.

Results: The results of ARIMA analysis indicate that vodka sales are closely linked with gender difference in life expectancy in Russia: an additional liter of vodka sales per capita was estimated to increase in the difference between male and female life expectancy by 4.1%. The results of the analysis also suggest that 18.5% of the difference in life expectancy between males and females in Russia could be attributed to consumption of vodka.

Conclusions: This piece of evidence provides support for the hypothesis that high level of vodka consumption in conjunction with binge drinking pattern may be a major reason for the high gender difference in life expectancy and its dramatic fluctuations in Russia during the last few decades

The use of smokeless tobacco, which includes snuff and chewing tobacco, is low in majority of the countries when examined for both women and men. In general, the use of smokeless tobacco among men is more common in South and Southeast Asia than in any other region. Yet large portions of the Borena’s adult pastoral communities are smokeless tobacco users. It is needed a call to action for policymakers and health professionals to improve the health and well being of pastoral communities of Ethiopia’s adults by increasing their access to anti notice information on smokeless tobacco use.