The authors describe the case of intrathoracic appendiceal abscess associated with right diaphragmatic hernia (hiatal hernia) discovered in a 52 years old woman. The surgical treatment consisted of conventional laparotomy appendectomy after reduction of paraoesophagal hernia into the abdominal cavity in the first time. In second time, we realised a pleural decortication using esophageal hiatus like an uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery and at the end, reparation of paraoesophagal hernia. The clinical course was satisfactory. A review of the literature allowed us to understand and discuss the diagnostic and surgical approches of this association of two pathologicals entities, benign and anodyne in its isolated and uncomplicated clinical forms. The available literature on intrathoracic appendicitis is reviewed.

Melanomas of the vulva and vagina comprise less than 2% of melanomas in women and the overall prognosis is poor. Imiquimod (Aldara®) cream has shown to be effective in non-gynecologic cases of melanoma in situ but is less frequently used in gynecologic cases. We report a case of vaginal melanoma in situ treated with imiquimod. The usual treatment of vaginal melanoma in situ and vaginal melanoma is surgery. There are only a few case reports in the literature that show the effect of treatment of vaginal and vulvar melanoma in situ with imiquimod.

Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the uterine cervix is a premalignant glandular condition and is the precursor to cervical adenocarcinoma. Extension of endocervical AIS proximal to the endocervical canal up to the endometrium of the corpus uteri, fallopian tubes and even the ovaries is rare. In the present case we describe a very unique pattern in which AIS has spread, starting from within the endocervical canal all the way up covering the entire inner lining of the uterus and into the salpinges but not in the ovaries.

Background: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. It is unrelated to Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD). Despite the progress in the pathogenetic knowledge, many aspects are still unclear. Lung fibrosis is actually regarded as a consequence of a chronic epithelial lung injury characterized by irreversible fibroblast activation and abundant amounts of collagens and other extracellular matrix substances deposition. Several proteins involved in oxidant/antioxidant balance and protease/antiprotease equilibrium have been associated with lung fibrogenesis, although AATD has never been clearly correlated with IPF development.

Case presentation: In this paper, we describe the history of twin homozygous sisters with a familiar homozygous Z type deficiency for Alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT). One presented liver cirrhosis and the other twin sister developed IPF. This IPF patient with Z/Z mutation and very low AAT serum concentration had no signs of pulmonary emphysema, asthma or liver cirrhosis but she showed only radiological findings of IPF, and she started antifibrotic therapy.

Conclusion: An unusual association between the most common mutation in AAT (Z/Z mutation) and IPF development was reported in this letter supporting the hypothesis that antiprotease AAT maybe involved in IPF pathogenesis.

Laparoscopy is a suitable method for the diagnosis and surgical retrieval of the perforated IUD. A case of uterine perforation caused by an IUD is presented. The IUD was located by using x-ray