Point-of-care ultrasonography is the ultrasonography performed and interpreted by the clinician at the bedside

Until a few years ago to determine the depth of anesthesia, the anesthetists exploited only a series of physical signs of the patient. In 1994, Sigland Chamoun described a novel measure of the level of consciousness during general anesthesia: the Bispectral (BIS) analysis. It was the beginning of a revolution in anesthesia monitoring, indeed during the last 15-20 years a number of EEG-based technologies have become commercially available. Unfortunately, none of these technologies has definitively solved the problem of the anesthesia awareness, thus assessment of depth of anesthesia is still a serious problem. Through these considerations this work focuses on new perspectives in brain monitoring.

Complex does not mean complicated. Despite some controversies in its definition, complex systems features include coupled rule-independent subsystems which emerge a counterintuitive or difficult to understand phenomena.