43 year female patient with multivalvular chronic rheumatic heart disease with Transthoracic 2- Dimensional Echo cardiographic (TTE) and Doppler evidence of 1. Severe Mitral valve stenosis MS with Mitral Valve Area (MVA) 1.01cm2 with mild to moderate mitral regurgitation, dilated Left Atrial Appendage (LAA). 2. Severe Aortic valvular stenosis with Aortic Valve Area (AVA) 0.74 cm2 calculated by continuity equation (CE) with moderate to severe Aortic Regurgitation (AR). 3. Severe Tricuspid Stenosis (TS) with TVA: 0.75 cm2 with moderate Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR). 4. Moderate Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) with PAP: 36.4 mmHg. 5. Mild pulmonary stenosis with thickened pulmonary valves [Figures 1-4].

Background: Yoga as a mode of therapy has become extremely popular, and a great number of studies and systematic reviews offer scientific evidence of its potential in treating a wide range of psychosomatic conditions. Healthy life can be considered as a by-product of practicing yogic techniques since it has been observed that yoga practitioners are physically and mentally healthier and have better coping skills to stressors than the normal population.

Aims and objective: This review paper details some of the health promoting benefits of yoga with regard to cardiovascular health and discusses mechanisms for such beneficial physiological, biochemical and psychological effects. Psycho-neuro-endocrine changes including correction of Gamma Amino-Butyric Acid (GABA) activity, and parasympathetic activation coupled with decreased reactivity of sympathoadrenal system and Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis are highlighted.

Conclusion: Though most studies and reviews suggest a number of areas where yoga may be beneficial for cardiovascular health, more research is required to establish these benefits conclusively. It is important to develop objective measures of various mind-body therapies and their techniques while including them in intervention trials. In conclusion, we can say that yoga has preventive, promotive as well as curative potential as an adjunct therapy and that a yogic lifestyle confers many advantages to the practitioner.

Mechanical circulatory support systems and cardiac transplantation are the two important treatment modalities when pediatric cases with acute or chronic cardiac failure are considered. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is widely used in the treatment of cardiac failure in many cardiac surgery centers, the rates of complications and mortality significantly increase after two weeks of usage. However, the treatment of the patients as a ‘bridge to recovery’ or ‘bridge to transplantation’ have become possible by the implementation of these long term devices even in infants. In this text, the mechanical circulatory support systems and pediatric cardiac transplantation will be reviewed. In order to provide the unity of the topics, only the ventricular assist devices, their technical properties and clinical applications will be focused on. The operative and postoperative period of the cardiac transplantation in the pediatric population will be overviewed.

The average cost to develop and gain marketing approval for a new drug is estimated to be $2.558 billion according to the most recent analysis by the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development. Among solutions to rein in the rising development costs, early and efficient assessment of a drug’s cardiotoxicity is essential to reduce drug attrition in late phases of development or drug withdrawal after approval. This article aims to provide a basic understanding of different types of cardiotoxicity followed by an overview of current and new methodologies in cardiotoxicity testing. Emphasis is placed on emerging technologies for the evaluation of proarrhythmia which include the use of human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes and in silico modeling. These developments represent an evolving paradigm shift which laid the foundation for the CiPA initiative (Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay), a global effort to establish a mechanistically based new system for cardiac safety testing. This is a shift from the current approach which relies on over simplified in vitro assays that measure blockade of a single heterologously expressed potassium ion channel (the Kv 11.1 or hERG channel). Although increasing levels of complexity of the new system pose new challenges, substantial progress has been made and regulatory implementation is not far away.