The pectoralis major is a muscle of the upper limb girdle. This muscle has a unique morphological architectonic and a high rate of clinical applications. However, there is lack of data regarding the morphological and functional interactions of the pectoralis major with other muscle and fascial compartments. According to the applied knowledge, the “Humero-pectoral” morpho-functional concept has been postulated. The purpose of this review was the dissectible investigation of the muscle anatomy and literature review of surgical applications.

The learning model based on active methodologies has been increasingly explored in undergraduate programs, especially in the health area. Many authors support this preference in a better consolidation of knowledge and in a more dynamic learning process. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the students' perception of medicine against a practical evaluation model of human anatomy. An analytical, descriptive study with quantitative approach was carried out 38 students of the medical course. The students were submitted to a simulation of practical evaluation, in which the students should point out in the anatomical piece questioned structures. They then answered a structured questionnaire. It was observed that 92.10% of the students stated that they had no contact with an active teaching methodology previously and 94.73% reported that they had no contact with this methodology in the area of morphological sciences. When questioned about the active methodology, 92.10% of the students answered that this method would be better for learning consolidation, and 97.36% of the interviewers think there should be more moments with this type of methodology during monitoring activities. It was found that there was a good acceptance of the active evaluation method, thus being an active tool for the discipline of human anatomy

Introduction: Ethambutol (EMB), an important drug in treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, has been associated with severe side effects including visual impairment.

Purpose: To establish the protective potential of Lantana trifolium ethanolic extract against EMB induced changes in visual acuity.

Materials and methods: Experimental design involving 25 male adult Wistar rats of 110-130g average weight, divided into five groups each comprising five animals. Group A, the negative control received distilled water. Group B, the positive control was treated with EMB 100 mg/kg/day. Test groups C, D, and E were treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day of Trifolium Extract (TE) respectively, one hour before administering 100 mg/ kg/day of EMB for five weeks. Visual acuity was determined by the mean escape latencies obtained using a modified Morris water maze

Results: Lantana trifolium ethanolic extract had a dose dependent protective potential against EMB induced changes in visual acuity. This was shown by the significant increase in the escape latencies of positive control group when compared with those of the group A (4.35±0.50), D (4.85±0.65), and E (3.6±0.38). This effect is likely due to the ability of Latana trifolium to prevent inflammation and accumulation of anti-oxidants in the optic nerve.

Conclusion: Lantana trifolium ethanolic extract has a dose dependent protective potential against EMB induced changes in visual acuity. Studies to determine the exact phytochemical component and mechanism of action responsible for this effect should be conducted.