Purpose: To list and comment urodynamic studies in several Pediatric urological diseases and mention possible improvements.

Methods: Give a Pediatric Urologist opinion and review recent selected literature.

Results: The type of urodynamic investigation has a different purpose depending on the urological pathology we want to study and treat. The following are listed and commented: Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR), Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV), sacral agenesis, occult spinal dysraphism, exstrophy epispadias complex, Prune-Belly syndrome, anorectal or cloacal malformations, dysfunctional voiding and enuresis

Conclusions: Currently urodynamic studies still require research in different ways such as clinical relevance, methodological and interpretational aspects. Nowadays is necessary determine the role, indication, predictive value, and effect on treatment outcomes of urodynamic in the pediatric population.

Normal breathing patterns determined by the respiratory center are dynamic and synchronous. A signal from the respiratory center is transmitted via the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm leading to contraction and descent of the diaphragm initiating respiration.

Pediatric surgery-the surgical care of children from the fetus to adolescent-is a comparatively new surgical specialty, which began shortly after the Second World War.

H type oesotracheal fistula is a rare congenital malformation of the esophagus that poses difficult problems of diagnosis that can sometimes be delayed till the adulthood. Multiple radiologic investigations are necessaries to make diagnosis. Surgical repair is indicated once diagnostic done.

A 2 days old male baby was admitted in NICU for respiratory distress. History start since birth with caught, cyanosis and tachypnea after each oral feeding. A gastric tube was inserted and chest X ray shows it in the stomach. Congenital trachea-esophageal fistula was suspected and oesophagram was done confirming this diagnosis. Surgical repair was performed through cervical incision and post-operative evolution was simple.

Clinical futures, pathogenesis and management of this pathology are discussed.

Objective: We evaluated the feasibility and safety of a new technique of operative Superficialization and preservation of the umbilical vein during neonatal laparotomy with central venous catheter insertion.

Methods: 25 neonates were subjected to this new technique during laparotomy. The technique is performed as follows: after transverse or transumbilical laparotomy incisions, the umbilical vein is dissected 2-3 cm cephaled to the umbilicus. A proximal area of the vein almost of 2 cm is skeletonized and passed to be superficial to the rectus muscle. A very small stab equal to the catheter diameter is done 1- 1.5 cm proximal to the incision site, where the end of the vein is passed via the subcutaneous tissue and skin then fixed by sutures to skin after passage of the suitable size catheter.

Results: In 23 cases, no difficulty was encountered. Operative difficulty was reported in 2 cases where there is anomalous course of the vein in one case. Another case with already inserted catheter, need to be flushed with change of the catheter. Catheter slippage, infection and deep insertion reported each once.

Conclusion: This is the first report of operative Superficialization and preservation of the umbilical vein during neonatal laparotomy which is feasible and safe technique.