Scientific researches show enormous growth in 5 or 6 decades. As public well-being has always been an attractive subject, health investigations are superior studies among scientific branches. This charm has been affecting dynamically various sectors to produce health material for idealistic and/ or economic reasons.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the changing on anorectal manometry pattern and clinical outcome of patients who underwent sTENS to treat constipation after a pull-through procedure for congenital megacolon or who underwent a posterior sagittal approach for anorectal malformations.

Method: Eighteen patients, 12 boys and 6 girls, 8.5 years mean age (1-17 years), who developed constipation on postoperative evolution and did not respond to medical therapy were submitted to sacral transcutaneuos electrical nervous stimulation from January 2015 to December 2015 and had their charts evaluated.

Results: There was remission of constipation in 11.1% of patients (2 out of 18). Manometrically, the resting pressure values (p=0.0125) and maximal contraction (p=0.0217) showed statistically significant differences between pre and post TENS and the percentage of asymmetry of the anal canal, here translated as asymmetry index (%), was lower after performing sTENS and has established a statistically significant difference against pre-sTENS (p = 0.0148).

Conclusion: sTENS has significantly altered some manometrical parameters and has influenced the outcome of these patients. Anorectal manometry is a useful tool in the physiological and functional assessment of the anal canal and sphincter muscle complex in pre and post sTENS.

Blunt abdominal trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children and the spleen is the most frequently affected solid organ. Splenic conservation has become the accepted treatment for splenic blunt trauma. We report a case of a successful conservative approach with a consequent uncommon complication. The emphasis of this case lies in the fact that despite surgical intervention required to treat the splenic pseudocyst it was possible to preserve this important organ, especially in the paediatric age.

Liver transplantation is an accepted therapy for end stage disease and fulminant hepatic failure. One-year survival has progressively increased to nearly 90% in patients transplanted for most forms of liver disease. Parallel advances in organ procurement, operative technique, use of safe and potent immunosuppressive drugs, and infection control are responsible for improved patient survival. The history of pediatric liver transplantation has clearly shown that success is dependent on strict and integrated multidisciplinary collaboration among pediatricians, pediatric transplant hepatologists, transplant surgeons, nurses, transplant coordinators, psychologists and social workers.

Background: Necrotizing enteritis is a rare cause of small intestinal obstruction reported mainly from Asian sub-continent. The clinical presentation is of acute gastroenteritis followed by features of bowel obstruction. We present a child who had a rare complication of necrotizing enteritis, unreported in literature.

Case Characteristics: Five year old girl presented with 1 month history of worsening vomiting, altered bowel habits and recently developed petechiae and pedal edema. Child had features of small bowel obstruction and after resuscitation underwent emergency surgery.

Intervention/Outcome: Laparoscopy showed features of necrotizing jejunitis and a formal laparotomy with resection of diseased segment lead to rapid recovery.

Conclusion: High index of suspicion is needed to diagnose necrotizing enteritis. Though most cases can be managed conservatively, clinical deterioration and development of complications may necessitate surgical intervention.