Urethral prolapse is a complete eversion of the distal urethral mucosa through the external meatus. It is a rare condition in children that relates to girls with a peak frequency of four to sixyears, more commonly in black girls.

This condition can be a forensic problem, in fact the clinical presentation of the urethral prolapsed is mainly a vulvar bleeding.

Urethral prolapse can be definitively diagnosed without laboratory or radiographic evaluation by demonstrating that the edematous tissue surrounds the meatus circumferentially.

We retrospectively analyzed the records of 8 cases of urethral prolapse in girls admitted to the Emergency Department Pediatrics Surgical, over a period of 17 years (1998 - 2014) in our series; the age of diagnosis was between 05 and 12 years with a median age of 08 years. 100% of our girls were Caucasian.

The treatment is the subject of great controversy between surgery and conservative treatment, all of our patients underwent surgical treatment except for one patient.

The risk of complications, including urethral stricture, and recurrence, is not rare, due to a poorly conducted medical treatment or poorly mastered surgery.

In our series, the outcome was favorable in all our patients.

An early withdrawal of the urinary catheter can help to shorten the hospital stay and thus, a lower cost of hospitalization.

Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma (BMPM) is an uncommon lesion of the serosal membranes. Many terms used in the literatures to describe this particular entity. There are larger series reported from pathologist consultation files with patients from different institutions with incomplete clinical information and lack of long-time follow-up data. Therefore, this disease is classified as an exceedingly rare medical entity. We reported two cases with such rare entity of BMPM admitted and managed in our pediatric surgery unit with a review of the literature.

Case 1: A 4 years old male was admitted to our pediatric surgery unit with a preliminary diagnosis of appendicitis. For 15 days prior to admission, he had been complaining of a crampy abdominal pain, episodes of non-bilious vomiting, progressive abdominal distention and constipation. The patient was operated with a supraumbilical transverse incision. Operation revealed a cystic mass filled with dark brown-dark green serous fluid, which was attached to the greater curvature of the stomach.

Case 2: A 28-month-old male presented with a few days history of abdominal pain, mild fever with twice episodes of non-bilious vomiting. The CT images confirmed the sonogram studies. The patient was operated with a supraumbilical transverse incision. Operation revealed a cystic mass filled with dark brown-dark green serous fluid, which was attached to the greater curvature of the stomach. In both case the histopathology an Immunohistochemistry revealed and confirmed BMPM. Benign multicystic mesothelioma should be kept in mind as an unusual cause for an abdominal mass in children.

Background: A colostomy is an operation that creates an opening for the colon, or large intestine, through the abdomen. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent. Hirschsprung’s disease is a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the intestine. Ano-rectal malformations are a spectrum of abnormalities of the rectum and anus occurred at birth or problems that happen to an unborn baby are developing during pregnancy.

Aims of study: To analyzing the common colostomy complications, immediate, early and late. Taking into consideration the site, type of the colostomy performed and measures that should be taken to avoid this complication.

Patients and methods: A retrospective study on a total number of one hundred sixty temporary colostomies were performed for neonates, infants and children over one year old of age in the pediatric surgical department of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad in the period from January 2008 to January 2011. Seventy patients had Hirschsprung’s disease and ninety patients had Ano-rectal malformations. A standardized data sheets were prepared for collection of information including age, sex, body weight, age, associated anomalies, type, site and the indication and the complications of colostomies.

Results: Most of the colostomies about 69.3% were done in the neonatal period and mainly for imperforate anus as 83.3%. Those performed in infancy period constituted about 26.2% of total operations and were done mainly for Hirschsprung’s disease which represented 41.4%.The most common type of stoma in our study was right loop transverse colostomy for Hirschsprung’s disease represented 71.4% and pelvic loop for imperforate anus as 75%. Hundred and seven different complications developed in 71 patients as a result of colostomy formation and the most common complications were stomal prolapse, skin excoriation, wound sepsis, para-stomal hernia, adhesive intestinal obstruction, bleeding and stomal stenosis. Stomal prolapse was the commonest complication in observed and developed in 32.7% of patients.

Conclusion: Hirschsprung’s disease and imperforate anus were commonest indications of stoma formation in pediatric age group. The right transverse loop and pelvic loop colostomy was the commonest stoma used and had the higher rate of complications. Prolapses and skin excoriation were the most common complications obtained.