Objective: To determine the width of the rectum and different parts of the colon, as well as the length of the anal canal in children of different ages without chronic constipation for the precise diagnosis of megarectum, megacolon and the pathology of the puborectalis muscle.

Material and method: We analyze the results of X-ray investigation of the colon in 65 children of different ages, without the pathology of the colon and anorectum. The barium enema was conducted to determine the cause of the acute and chronic abdominal pain, anemia and for tumor localization. The barium was injected under the same hydrostatic pressure up to the reflux into the ileum.

Results: The true width of the rectum, the different parts of the colon and anal canal length in different age groups were determined. Method for analysis of X-ray data was proposed. Examples of diagnostics for various diseases are given.

Conclusion: Hydrostatic barium enema and the proposed method for estimating the magnitude of the rectum, colon and anal canal length, as well as the state of the puborectalis muscle are the precise diagnostic methods can be used for diagnosis and scientific analysis of the functional constipation, anorectal malformation, and other diseases of this area.

Neonates with large diaphragmatic defects and small abdominal cavity may require an abdominal wall patch or open wound care or only skin closure to prevent abdominal compartment syndrome. Various problems described in literature due to abdominal wound closure under tension. We present a unique, self-limiting complication in a neonate after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Difficult abdominal wall closure resulted in part of anterior gastric wall necrosis and perforation. Other thoughts for this complication were iatrogenic injury or necrotizing enterocolitis; discussed here.

Echinococcosis is a prevalent zoonosis in endemic region in the world. Although echinococcosis can be present in all parts of the human body, renal echinococcosis is relatively uncommon compared to liver and lung localizations. Its diagnosis is sometimes problematic. There are no specific clinical symptoms or positive result in a routine laboratory analysis that will reliably confirm the diagnosis of renal echinococco. In this study, a primary right renal hydatic cyst which was found in a 7-year-old girl has been presented. The patient was treated successfully by open surgery in combination with postoperative chemotherapy with albendazol. Physicians should be aware of its clinical presentations and complications.

AP does not belong to the category of surgical diseases and such patients fall out of the field of vision of surgeons. However, in the case of purulent complications, among which PE is the leader, surgeons become the leading specialists in the treatment of this group of patients. This problem has been discussed by a wide range of specialists over the past decades, and its relevance remains due to the continuing trend of gradual decrease in the effectiveness of conservative therapy of A? and the growth of its purulent complications.

The atrial septal defect coronary sinus with unroofed coronary sinus syndrome type II is a rare clinical finding. In this case report, we presented a complete anatomical correction of the full form of the unroofed coronary sinus syndrome type II with the transfer of the coronary sinus to the right atrium. The anatomical features for a successful procedure were the proximity of the coronary sinus mouth to the secundum type atrial septal defect, tunnel plastic did not block the flow of blood through all pulmonary veins into the left atrium, and the clear visualization of the coronary sinus mouth with diagnostic antegrade cardioplegia.