Purpose: This scoping review maps the breadth of rehabilitation literature with specific relevance to the non-surgical management of proximal humerus fractures (PHF) in order to make recommendations for current practice and future research.

Methods: We searched 8 electronic data bases to July 16, 2015 for eligible studies; targeted citation tracking and hand-searches were continued thereafter. Eligibility screening and data charting were conducted in duplicate. Data extraction included publication details, objective, participant characteristics, interventions (and comparator if applicable), outcome measures, and authors’ main conclusions. Data were catalogued according to research focus and outcomes assessed.

Results: The search yielded 1599 articles for full-text review; 26 articles (describing 22 unique primary studies and 5 knowledge translation studies) were eligible for inclusion. Dates of publication range from 1979 to 2017. The majority of the studies (88.5%) were conducted in Europe. Half were randomized controlled studies (RCTs). Typically, participants were older women. Research foci included: PT practice patterns in PHF rehabilitation (n=1), effectiveness of a specific PT element (n=3), timing (n=8), methods of delivery (n=3), nonsurgical versus surgical management (n=7), and knowledge translation to guide clinical practice (n=5). Few studies provided complete descriptions of both the fracture characteristics and the main elements in the PHF rehabilitation therapy interventions.

Conclusions: Current ‘good practice’ in PHF rehabilitation is informed by this literature however no definitive evidence-based protocols exist. Using this scoping review technique driven by knowledge users, next steps have been identified such as developing summary sheets for rehabilitation team members and patients with PHF to address options and expectations regarding treatments and outcomes. High quality prospective studies, both prognostic and RCTs, are needed to investigate the effectiveness of key elements of rehabilitation therapy in patient groups with various types of PHF classified according to risk for poor functional outcome.

Understanding of patient perpetrated violence towards the healthcare provider remains in its infancy. Patient perpetrated violence is estimated to affect as many as 92% of healthcare providers, regardless of service setting, yet exact prevalence statistics are lacking. Existing research and studies have suggested that the development of a theoretically informed framework to explain and predict provider incident reporting is needed and may enhance the ability of agencies and organizations to accurately capture the occurrence of patient perpetrated violence; thereby developing policies and programs to decrease the occurrence of the same. Currently the existing literature offers no parsimonious or falsifiable framework to explain and predict provider reporting. This article therefore aims to fill this gap by offering such a framework to examine factors contributing to noninstitutional healthcare providers’ reporting or failing to report incidents of patient violence and aggression. Theoretical frameworks from the fields of psychology, criminal justice, and the domestic violence literature will be used to explore a providers’ reporting or failing to report instances of patient aggression and violence. The attributes of the patient, the form of abuse or aggression as well as provider characteristics will also be examined in relation to their impact on incident reporting.

A 62-year-old woman presented to our trauma center and was found to have hemorrhage contained within the lesser sac with extravasation of contrast. We present a report of an acute traumatic common hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm with active hemorrhage successfully treated with an endovascular stent graft. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of an acute traumatic common hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm treated with an endovascular stent. Trans-catheter arterial embolization and stenting continues to evolve as an alternative, often with less morbidity and mortality, to traditional surgical approaches for pseudoaneurysm repair

Background: This article is a systematic review of the published literature about the application of locked plating as an external fixator in treating orthopedic disorders.

Material & Methods: We searched the PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane Library databases to retrieve the relevant studies. Studies published in English and Chinese, which described the clinical use of locked plate in treating orthopedic disorders were included. With regards to the articles written by the same authors or departments are treated with caution because the patients may overlap among these articles. Only the latest published study should be selected if any overlapping patients may exist among the articles. Exclusive criteria were as follows: (1) pure biomedical studies; (2) duplicate studies: (3) reviews, letters and comments?; (4) language rather than English and Chinese; and (5) full-text of the article cannot be obtained.

Results: The electronic search strategy revealed 735 studies and 2 studies were identified as relevant through references manual search. Finally, 22 studies were included in this systematic review. The clinical studies showed that external locked plating as an external fixation to manage orthopedic diseases had a satisfactory functional outcome, union rate and low complication rate.

Conclusion: Based on the clinical studies, locked plating as an external fixator to manage orthopedic disorders can be considered as a safe and successful procedure. However, there is unconvincing evidence that it is superior to standard techniques with regards to clinical and functional outcomes. More and well-designed studies about this technique should be carried out further.