[ ISSN : 2576-5477 ]
War, quarrel, and some conflict were devastating. In some family for reasons of emotion, influence by other people, ideology, honor, politics, geography or the simple environment, elder brother can find themselves on opposing sides of a war and force them to be in facing battlefield. If we searching the reason for the quarrel between incent brothers, there may be the negligible reason. In straightforward, reasons for the quarrel were not very big.
One of our greatest Hindu epics and auspicious holy books Mahabharata briefly mentioned the quarrel and its impacts. The central story and the central theme of the Mahabharata are of a war between families. Two families of cousins, one family, called the Pandav, the other the Kaurav. Lord Krishna, (Lord Vishnu) avatar used every unfair trick in the Mahabharata epic book to win the family war. His lies and tricks did win the war in favor of the Pandav, but they lost too much in the bargain. Finally, Hastinapur was a land of morbid people, wailing widows and orphaned children. The Pandav themselves were left childless.
In another Hindu epic book Ramayana, Prince Ram (Son of Dasharath) was the eldest of four sons and was to become king when his father retired from the ruling. His stepmother, wanted to see her son Bharat, younger brother of Ram’s, become king of the state. During the tenure of banishment, one story was there about the brother’s fight. Sugriva (Younger brother) challenged Vali (Monkey king) to a fight. When Vali sallied forth to meet the challenge, Rama shoot and kill Vali with an arrow from the back of a tree. A dying Vali asked the following questions: He made my wife a widow and stole my kingdom. What was my crime? Another question, Even if I committed a crime (with my brother), what is your right to kill me? Ram makes the following replies to Vali: The younger brother should be treated like a son. Even if he made a mistake you should forgive him, especially when he promised to respect you for your whole life. About his authority, he said he had permission from King Bharat to spread righteousness and punish evils. You lost your kingdom while fighting with mayavi and you no more a king how can I take your help?
The whole story of the Ramayana is in the round of war, quarrel, and some conflict between the brothers. Ram and Laxman, Sugriva and vali, Sampati and Jatayu, Ravan and Vibhishan: in every way the Ramayana an exploration of the relationships and conflicts between brothers?
Adidas vs. Puma was the two of the world’s most renowned shoe companies were birthed from a bout of bad blood between siblings. German brothers Adolf and Rudolf Dassler launched a shoe company together in their mother’s laundry room. Their business boomed after Dassler shoes adorned the feet of gold-medal-winning Olympians in the 1930s. But as their sales spiked, so did the tension between the two brothers. World War II proved the breaking point in their relationship. While no one is sure what caused the riff, it’s said to be a result of miscommunication. After an Allied bomb attack, Adolf and his wife took cover in a bomb shelter already occupied by Rudolf and his family. “The dirty bastards are back again,” Adolf said, apparently referring to the planes, but Rudolf thought the comment was an attack against his family.
By the war’s end, the brothers had split the company and waged a war of their own in the business arena. Adolf, who preferred to be called Adi, named his business Adidas, combining his first and last names; Rudolf tried the same with his firm called Ruda, though he later changed it to Puma. It’s said that the brothers never spoke again, and their bitter rivalry even divided the town of Herzogenaurach, where they built their competing factories on the opposite banks of the town’s river. It wasn’t until September 2009, long after the brothers’ deaths, that the companies put aside their feud and faced off in a friendly game of soccer - an appropriate meeting for two companies who’ve become independently famous in the field of sports shoes.
In the famous dialogue exchange of the Bollywood hit film, Deewar, the rich smuggler elder brother tells his brother, “I have a bungalow and cars and wealth. What do you have?” And the younger brother says, “I have my parents, sisters and you too.” The ‘good’ brother does not see the pain of the ‘criminal’ brother, his desire for validation and inclusion. There is so much righteousness that there is no allowance for love or affection. And that is why the fights continue.
My brother, who is 30, has never settled. I spent my many time’s childhoods to adulthood with him. Since leaving failed in school leaving certificate examination (SLC), He was gone to the district head quarter for tuition. At that time, the peaks of 10 years moist conflict were there. They misbehave the police job and police arrested them for a night. Even though, he passed the bachelor’s level exam in the pass division in good human manner. He again admitted in the master’s level course in the same college, He thinks himself as the politician after that. He used to drop the exam, class and make the small gang. He spent the whole night in a hotel with girls and taking alcohol, smoking, etc. After his marriage, he passed the master degree course; he never sustained a job, home or relationship longterm, and has been in and out of prison too. He spent a lot of time money with girls, alcohol, smoking and group making. During that time me myself, parents, sister were supported him in one way or another, emotionally, practically and financially.
Recently, his behavior has taken a more alarming turn for our family members. He appears to be like mentally unwell. One night he came with the proposal to go in a foreign country (Macau) on labor visa. He asked me to give the money 8.5 lakh Nepali rupees. I asked him for the reliability of the jobs and money. If the visa and working condition were good, I am happy to give you the money. From my little knowledge, in Nepal, there were not any rules for giving money to an agent to going aboard except visa cost. He makes the call to my sister and mothers and gives the ultimatum for money. He blackmails the family members who were lived about 400 KM from Kathmandu to kill me. He shared the plan to the sister and other relatives as well. At 8:23 am Friday, December 2016 he messaged me to make the final decision of our brotherhood too. The message was global health for public health students in Baneshwor (Little Buddha College of Health Sciences). He was physically abusive towards my father, mother, and sister. They used to call me afternoon about his plan to kill me. I sent the message to suppression the emotion. Some portion of my message were
He gave the ultimatum of 5 lakh within the 11 December 2016 at 11 am. I used to consult with my brother (Rajan) what to do and what not? He makes me the advice to give money. Despite his blackmailing, we gave the money in his time. I am not sure hitting by police and going to asylum cause the mental problem. My elder brothers were being in exile time to time due to fighting, crime, etc. Our behaviors are largely driven by reward and punishments. Each individual have different sensitivity for rewards and punishments. If your punishment sensitivity is more than your reward sensitivity then it will create unpleasant anxiety and bad mood. I am not sure his brains were cracked by the beating of police. But I am sure his brain working mechanism is punishment sensitivity. In human being, the outer bark-like layer of our brain that allows us to so successfully use language, acquire complex skills, create tools, and live in social groups. From his behavior, I am sure his outer bark-like layer may be thin or cracked somehow now a day.
I had never been afraid of his emotional blackmail, jealousy, anger, frustration, or disagreements. I only afraid about our family prestige and dignity, in a day more than 200 students and followers have greeted me. Every family in Nepal made the parents needs to establish and enforce the family rule about respecting privacy, personal space, and property. After my graduation of the master in public health, my brother and his wife were frustrated and misbehave me. They were worried about their space in family and community. They spent most of the on talking about me. They always jealous about my jobs, hard working and the marks obtained in bachelor and masters level university exam. I never like to blame him as the bastard. I worry about their life, dignity, and the future.
Once younger brother Laxman, the loyal brother of Ram, complained to his brother, “I always have to obey you because you are my elder brother.” Ram responded thus, “In our next life, you will be the elder brother but you will still agree with me, not out of obligation or loyalty but because you will realize that all my actions are rooted in dharma.” And so Laxman was reborn as Balabhadra and Ram were reborn as his younger brother, Krishna. Krishna never obeyed Balabhadra but, after initial irritation, Balabhadra always understood. Like the epics book history, sometimes I think myself as the loyal brother Laxman who obeyed the elder brother in any moment. But I need to be like the Krishna, who always lead the game of war and win the game at any moment. But I am in this country where, in remote Nepalese villages, several brothers will often marry the same woman to keep household wealth together and allow families to survive.
The conclusion may be dealing with real-world moral, conflict, dilemmas and confusions that we all encounter during the journey of our lives. It’s almost impossible to figure out who “started” a conflict, and which provocations led to which retaliations. Loyalty makes us feel secure. But what exactly is loyalty? Is loyalty about power or love? Often the elder brother expects younger brothers to be loyal to him in any moment. But is that like a pack leader demanding submission of the pack? What makes the elder brother automatically the pack leader in human families? In nature, the older is not necessarily the leader; the strongest is. I advised him to be the social man and take the respect by respecting others. As the elder brother, he should take the roles and responsibility of the family prestige and the management of family as the administrator. In upcoming days, I pray to god he should not be the part of the story like this.
1. Never being greedy, lazy, hopeless throughout the life, think positive and be positive who you are?
2. Thinking the Jealousy, emotional blackmailing, quarreling, and conflicting were harm to themselves, who does. One hair from the head may not be fall to others.
3. Without hardworking, there were never grow up your life and dignity. If you work hard you will be prosperous. If not you will be rude, cruel, and smuggler, etc.
4. Without income, thinking like a rich man and adopt the luxurious style, westernized the culture where the harm in every step of life. Single moment and time might not be comparable to whole life.
5. Search your opportunity and jobs to your own interest. Do not compare yourself and your father in law as the billionaires.
6. Do not lie, If possible, always be a tie with your father and mothers, younger brothers, sisters.
7. Barking dogs seldom bite if you point out others four fingers have seen you behaviors.
Pandey A. Brother against Brother: Family Affairs. SM J Psychiatry Ment Health. 2016; 1(1): 1005.
In Japan, there is a recognized need for further research into stigma in the workplace toward persons with mental illness. Toward that end, I will discuss here two studies that we have conducted with the aim of (I) elucidating the stigma experienced in the workplace by persons with mental illness, and (II) elucidating employers’ attitudes toward persons with mental illness.
Hatsumi Yoshii*
International literature has detected high levels of academic stress in students of universities and colleges, which manifests itself with clinical symptoms [1] and constitutes an obstacle to the activation of adaptive, functional and coping responses
Giulia Savarese*, Luna Carpinelli, Oreste Fasano, Monica Mollo, Nadia Pecoraro and Antonio Iannaccone
T he scientific literature has highlighted how the incoming and outgoing transitions through the university represent stressful moments for students. Generally, an adaptation of one’s self it’s needed
Giulia Savarese*, Luna Carpinelli, Oreste Fasano, Monica Mollo, Nadia Pecoraro, Pierpaolo Cavallo
It is known that edema is a rare side effect of quetiapine. Until now only nine cases of peripheral edema related to quetiapine have been reported in the literature. We have determined five cases of pretibial edema associated with quetiapine during two years period of time. The common feature of these cases reported here are comorbid medical disorders, such as venous insufficiency, bladder tumor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus with excessive elevation of blood sugar. Although treatment protocol of edema and those comorbid medical diseases have been applied separately, at the end of these treatments it is seen that PTE has not been resolved. In all cases reported here that when the dose of quetiapine is reduced, it is observed that PTE is reduced or disappeared. This result brings to mind that there could be a relation between edema and quetiapine.
Hayriye Dilek Hamurcu¹*, Ersin Hatice Karslıoğlu¹, Mehmet Öztürk¹, Elvan Özalp¹ and Ali Çayköylü²
Background: In Canada, industrial wind operations are important parts of the country’s long-term energy strategy and Wind Turbines (WTs) are represented as environmentally friendly projects; however, suspected health-related effects of exposure to WT noise have attracted much public attention. Sleep disturbance and degraded Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) have been among the most common complaints reported by residents living close to wind farms.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between changes in sleep quality and HRQoL among residents living close to wind farms.
Methods: Pre- and post-natural experiments were conducted with two data collection periods, before and after WTs became operational; sleep quality was measured by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and HRQoL was measured using the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey of 50 participants.
Results: Changes in the SF-12 mental component summary (ΔMCS) were correlated inversely with the changes in PSQI score (ΔPSQI, Spearman’s correlation r_S= -0.595). The median values for ΔMCS were significantly associated with ΔPSQI (p=0.039) after controlling for age, sex, distance and attitude to WTs, in a quantile regression analysis.
Conclusion: Changes in sleep quality reported by residents living nearby WTs were a significant independent predictor of the degraded mental health domain of HRQoL.
Leila Jalali*, Ashok Chaurasia, Philip Bigelow, Shannon Majowicz and Stephen McColl
Acute psychiatric illness is associated with alterations of serum thyroid hormone levels including normal or high T3 levels and elevated T4 levels with normal or high TSH that have no clinical signs or symptoms and resolve within 2 weeks. This phenomenon is called euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia. We present a case of primary hyperparathyroidism contributing to a patient’s depression with psychosis that developed euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia. We also review the literature to present current thoughts about pathophysiology and treatment.
Joseph Wolfgang Mathews and Nicoleta Dorinela Sora*
One-third of people living with dementia also experience depression. Treating symptoms of depression may be a protective factor and reduce cognitive decline in dementia. People suffering from depression experience sad mood, reduced energy, poor concentration, loss of interest, diminished activity and they are at risk for death by suicide. Screening instruments include the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Typical treatments include antidepressant medications, which may have limited efficacy; and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), which may heighten memory loss. Psychotherapeutic approaches, including cognitive–behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy and supportive counseling can be helpful. Lifestyle modifications addressing healthy diet, exercise and the inclusion of enjoyable activities can promote improved quality of life. Providing needed education and support to caregivers, who often experience depression, anxiety and sleep disorders themselves is critical. This paper provides health professionals with an overview of approaches for recognizing and responding to co-occurring dementia and depression.
Sherri Melrose*
This study investigated potential correlation between the inflammatory marker, Calprotectin, and a S.O.S questionnaire from forty-nine Autistic children. Symptom and behavioral questionnaires were completed contemporaneously with stool sample collection. Mixed Model data analysis showed strong correlation between some questionnaire parameters and Calprotectin. ‘Need for a fixed routine’ was highly significantly correlated with Calprotectin (????<0.00009) with Multivariate Coefficient of 3.227, whilst paradoxically ‘constipation’ indicated significant change (????<0.02) with negative Multivariate Coefficient (-1.584). The negative ‘constipation’ appears to associate with the positive ‘need for a fixed routine’ indicating possibility of reciprocal, independent prediction of gastrointestinal inflammation. Results suggest that ‘need for a fixed routine’ and ‘constipation’ be included in a screening questionnaire as independent predictors of bowel dysfunction in these children.
Ioná Bramati-Castellarin¹*, Vinood Patel¹ and Ian P Drysdale²
Background: Improved real world functioning is the ultimate goal of cognitive rehabilitation (which was developed for an acquired brain injury population), however, cognitive remediation for psychiatric populations focuses primarily on cognitive interventions (e.g., computerized cognitive training) and utilizes cognitive test results as outcomes. A broader range of neuropsychological interventions and outcome measures, incorporating real-world measures of functioning, is recommended for cognitive remediation program evaluation.
Objective: To determine the feasibility and explore the effectiveness of a holistic cognitive remediation program administered by clinical neuropsychologists for a community-based mixed psychiatric treatment seeking sample.
Method: Twenty-five adults of mixed psychiatric aetiology were referred for a 10-week intervention (including four hours of weekly individual and group-based sessions). A broad array of outcomes was assessed post-intervention. Functional status, self-reported cognitive symptoms and quality of life was assessed at 11.3 months follow-up.
Results: Eighteen of the referred participants (72%) completed the intervention. Completers showed: a high rate of functional cognitive goal attainment; increased employment rates; improved symptoms of psychological distress and quality of life; reduced self-report of cognitive difficulties; and improved auditory attention span and verbal memory. Self-report of reduced cognitive difficulties and improved quality of life was maintained approximately one year later. The majority of participants reported very high levels of satisfaction with the program.
Conclusions: This intervention was acceptable to participants and associated with high satisfaction rates and gains in cognitive, psychological and functional outcomes. Findings suggest there are multiple benefits to adopting an intervention program that is holistic, individualized to the goals of the patient and facilitated by trained neuropsychologists.
Jamie Berry¹,²*, Donel Martin¹, Karen Wallace¹, Anthony Miller², Travis Wearne² and Melanie Porter²
We are witnessing a rapidly growing type of Mobile Health. Mobile devices have allowed the control of activity levels in people, their habits and even their mobility through GPS. Vital signs, moods, sleep disorders, heart rates, or skin temperature can also be monitored. Literature specializing in psychosocial therapies addresses the usefulness of mobile phones in patients in general, with greater production from psychology and to a lesser extent from social work. We highlight the research developed in the USA and identify opportunities and limitations in terms of data privacy, access to and use of mobile phones; to reach isolated or poor populations or to facilitate access to social and health services. We conclude with possible orientations, hypotheses and goals for prospective investigation works.
Yolanda García Vázquez*