Objectives: The main (General) objective of writing this breeding program is being familiar with preparing the breeding program by accomplishing the course Applied Animal Breeding. And specifically practicing with-

• Suggesting the most appropriate breeding plan for indigenous Horro sheep breeds through:

• Improving growth and live weight of the population of pure horro sheep breeds.

Two undescribed species, Attagenus nitidus Ballion and Attagenus tomentosus Erichson, are commented and the names are established as new synonyms.

The study was conducted in Chifra district in Awsi-Resu Zone of Afar Regional State to explore the utilizations, risk management and marketing of sheep and goats in pastoral and agro pastoral production systems. Cross sectional survey with systematic random selection of 180 households (90 households from each production system. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, analysis of variance, ranking method were employed in analyzing data using JMP5 software. In the two production systems indicated that slaughtering of sheep and goats for family/home consumption is done mostly during religious festivals and wedding ceremony.

The consumption preferences of sheep and goat were significantly (P≤0.05) different between the two production systems. Consuming both sheep and goat in were significantly (P≤0.05) different along the production system. Fresh milk, fermented milk, whey, and butter were among the common milk products produced and consumed in the area. The major differences in risk management strategies between the two production systems were associated with feeds and water, diseases. Marketing of milk in the study area is not broadly known. Selling of skin to gain income was not common in the two production systems.

In a twenty-week trial, twenty West African Dwarf (WAD) goats (7.00 – 8.00 kg) were randomly allotted into four treatments in a completely randomized design to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of WAD goats fed bread waste and Moringa oleifera leaf. Four diets (T1, T2, T3 and T4) were compounded by inclusion of bread waste and M. oleifera leaf at 0, 25, 50 and 100% levels. The goats were fed at 3% of their body weight. Performance parameters such as feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. During digestibility trial, individual goats were put in a metabolism cage for easy collection of faeces and urine. The CP content of diets containing bread waste and M. oleifera leaf (T2, T3 and T4) were higher than T1 diet. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the feed intake of the animal across the treatments. Animals fed diets T4 (34.38) had significantly highest (p<0.05) daily weight gain compared to T3 (26.67), T2 (21.88) and T1 (20.84). The diets T2, T3 and T4 were significantly higher (p<0.05) in digestible energy (59.23, 62.54 and 62.84% respectively) and crude protein (63.34, 69.39 and 72.39% respectively) compared to the control diet. Furthermore, the nitrogen balance was significantly highest (p<0.05) in T4 (2.22 g/day), T3 (1.92 g/ day), then T2 (1.50 g/day) and T1 (1.45 g/day) which were significantly the same (p>0.05). Hence, the nitrogen retention (%) was significantly higher in goats fed diets T4 (74.69 g/day) and T3 (68.61 g/day) than T2 (55.85 g/ day) and T1 (54.86 g/day). It could be concluded that inclusion of bread waste and M. oleifera in the diet of goats led to improved performance characteristics.

This study evaluates the hematological and biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed wheat offal-carried pineapple waste (WCPW). Twenty WAD goats (initial weight 6.16 – 6.68kg) were randomly allotted to four experimental treatments in a completely randomized design. Four concentrate diets were compounded comprising 0, 20, 30 and 40% levels of inclusion of WCPW. The animals were fed at 3% of their body weight. On the last day of the experiment, two sets of blood samples were taken from the goats via jugular venipuncture using a 5 ml syringe. The PCV and Hb concentration value decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the inclusion level of WCPW increased in the diets. The RBC counts were significantly highest (p<0.05) in animals fed 30%WCPW (12.16), followed by 20%WCPW (10.83), 0%WCPW (10.20) and 40%WCPW (9.16) diets. Also animal fed 30%WCPW diet had significantly highest WBC counts compared to animals fed 20%WCPW, 40%WCPW and 0%WCPW diets. The RBC, WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte of the goats fed 30%WCPW and 20%WCPW were significantly higher than animals fed other diets. The total protein, albumin and globulin contents of goats fed 40%WCPW were significantly higher (p<0.05) than other diets while there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the AST, ALP and creatinine contents of the experimental goats across the treatments. It could be concluded that inclusion of WCPW in diet up to 30% had no deleterious effect on blood parameters of the goats while care should be taken at higher inclusion level due to tendency to induce aenamia.