A 50-year-old male visited our hospital because he was experiencing epigastralgia. On Computed Tomography (CT), a bile duct stone was detected as a high-density material at the level of the lower biliary tract. After admission, biliary drainage by endoscopic procedures, endoscopic sphincterotomy, and stone extraction were performed. Coincidently, fundal-type adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder was suspected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Two months after hospital discharge, the biliary stone was not detected on follow-up MRI with MRCP, but focal thickening of the gall bladder had progressed in comparison to the thickness observed on previous CT and MRI with MRCP. The possibility of gallbladder cancer could not be denied; therefore, an extended cholecystectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed chronic cholecystitis without malignancy and no active inflammation. There was no active inflammation in the mucosa, muscularis propria, and subserosa. Quantitative visual assessment using diffusion-weighted imaging in addition to dynamic CT was useful for the diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis.

A 48 year old man occasional smoker was symptomatic since 4 years with cough with copious amount of expectoration and exertional dyspnoea and recurrent infective exacerbations. There was past history of tuberculosis 15 years back treated with empirical antituberculosis therapy for a period of 1 year. There was no significant family history. Physical examination revealed presence of post exercise desaturation, grade III clubbing and coarse crackles in bilateral lung fields. Chest Radiograph (CXR) showed the presence of bilateral cystic opacities. High Resolution Computerised Tomography (HRCT) of the chest (Figure) (1a) (1b) revealed bilateral cystic bronchiectasis and tracheobronchomegaly with tracheal, right and left main bronchus dimensions being 30 mm, 27.2 mm, 22 mm respectively. Spirometry showed Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of 1.55 L (of predicted), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 1.02 L (32% of predicted), and FEV1/FVC of 66%. A diagnosis of tracheobronchomegaly-Mounier Kuhn Syndrome (MKS) was made.

Kienbock’s disease, or avascular necrosis of the lunate, is a progressive disease ultimately resulting in end-stage arthrosis. Various surgical treatments are available for different Lichtman stages of disease. This article reviews surgical treatments of Kienbock’s disease from a radiologic perspective. The reader will learn preoperative indications and imaging, normal and abnormal post-surgical appearance and potential complications of operative treatments of Kienbock’s disease.

Even in the MRI era lumbar nerve root anomalies in patients with lumbar radiculopathies are still frequently un- or misdiagnosed and usually discovered during spine surgery only. The existing literature suggests that patients with lumbar nerve root anomalies are especially prone to develop radiculopathies and suffering operative complications. Therefore, preoperative diagnosis is imperative to enable appropriate surgery and avoid complications. We describe a case of a patient with unilateral lumbar radiculopathy misdiagnosed with a lumbosacral disc herniation on magnetic resonance imaging. During surgery a Neidre/MacNab type 2b lumbar nerve root anomaly rather than a disc herniation was verified, which required a wide decompression of the involved neural structures. The literature is reviewed and the clinical and radiological features of lumbar nerve root anomalies are discussed from a neurosurgical perspective.

Multimodal imaging is advantageous in overcoming the deficiencies of individual imaging modalities. Herein, small, monodisperse and water-dispersible NaGdF4 : Ln (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy) Nano Crystals (NCs) were successfully prepared in a facile manner by one-pot microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction in ethylene glycol. The morphology, size distribution, zeta potential, and crystal structure of the resulting NCs were well characterised by transmission electron microscopy, Nano-ZS90 Zetasizer, and X-ray diffraction analyses. These as-synthesised NaGdF4 : Ln (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy) NCs exhibited a low cytotoxicity for Hela and C9H2 cells. Moreover, the doping concentrations of Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+ ions were optimised for efficient Photoluminescence (PL) under the excitation of 273 nm in water. Furthermore, these NCs exhibited excellent relaxivity parameters (r1 ) in Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging and Hounsfield units in X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging in vitro. Therefore, these NCs have great potential to construct a unique platform for PL/CT/MR multimodal imaging simultaneously.

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome is a group of disorders resulting from damage to the nervous system in carcinoma, remote from primary site and not due to metastasis, infection, or metabolic complication associated with cancer. Patient with small cell lung cancer sometimes shows various paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, but patient with non-small cell lung cancer rarely shows paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. Here we wish to report a case of 65-year-old female presented to our clinic with isolated right sided hypoglossal nerve palsy and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of lung.