Ovarian teratoma is most frequently found in children and adolescents. It comprises a combination of adult and embryonic tissues from the three germ cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. According to the current WHO grading system, the tumor can be divided into mature (benign) and immature (malignant) based on the existence and quantity of the immature component. The microscopic grade of the initial tumor best predicts the chance of extraovarian dissemination, and size and stage have been linked to survival. Immature elements might be present in small foci or large amounts. An incorrect diagnosis of a benign teratoma with inadequate treatment and a poor prognosis can result from insufficient pathological sampling missing the immature tissue. No matter how they present clinically or grossly, all teratomas must be extensively sampled in the pathology lab to look for any potential immature components. A teratoma is challenging for pathologists to diagnose, much like every other gonadal germ cell tumor, and an accurate diagnosis has significant therapeutic and prognostic ramifications. Here, we present the case of a 13-year-old girl with a high-grade metastatic giant 23 cm immature teratoma and review the relevant literature. The patient had several peritoneal implants at the time of surgery, and the tumor had grown to the pelvic wall. Following surgical debulking and chemotherapy, the patient’s tumor recurred after two years with liver and lung metastases.

Animal and epidemiological studies have indicated that maternal exposure to particulate matter is related to adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight in the offspring. Ambient nanoparticle or particulate matter, including PM2.5 (fine particles, PM < 2.5 μm) and PM 0.1 (very fine particles, PM < 0.1 μm), ozone and transition metals, are potent oxidants capable of generating reactive oxygen species. Redox sensitive pathways may be triggered by oxidative stress and cause various biological processes, such as inflammation and other adverse outcomes. In this mini-review, we investigated the association between ambient nanoparticle exposure and metabolic disorders in maternal serum and placenta. Findings indicated that PM2.5 exposure affected the nutrient transport capacity of the placenta by altering the ratio of some vital metabolites in the placenta to the maternal serum. These results by increasing our understanding of the ambient PM2.5 toxic effects, emphasize the importance of protecting women from exposure to PM2.5 .