Retrocalcaneal pain is a common presenting complaint, which can lead to severe limitation of function. It is commonly due to pathology involving the Achilles tendon or inflammation of the so called retrocalcaneal bursa. Both these sites are frequent targets of medicinal injections. In some cases though, despite these measures, the problems persist. We present a series of cases whereby the symptoms were caused by fibrotic tissue in a poorly described region between the Achilles tendon and the calcaneus. We include relevant imaging to highlight the pathology.

Purpose: In the fitness industry, several different traits are measured using many different tests. Therefore, a need exists to study and evaluate the convergent and divergent validity of different fitness traits across their tests. The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement properties of different fitness tests designed to assess the five components of health-related physical fitness. Methods: A total of N=131 college students attending a rural public institution participated in this crosssectional study. Four different fitness tests were administered for each of the five fitness traits: cardiorespiratory, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition, and flexibility. A modified MultiTrait-MultiMethod (MTMM) matrix was used to simultaneously examine the measurement properties of the fitness assessments, which included internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Results: The overall modified MTMM matrix indicated strong internal consistency (alpha=0.89) across the twenty fitness tests. Each fitness component showed at least moderate reliability (alphas=0.68-0.88) with the exception of flexibility (alpha=0.38). Same trait convergent validity coefficients (CVST) were significant (ps<0.05) for all traits with exception of flexibility. Majority of different trait convergent validity coefficients (CVDT) were significant for all traits with exception of flexibility. Conclusions: Results from this study provide moderate to strong validity evidence for fitness assessments in college students. However, several tests appear to lack strong convergence with their same trait counterpart tests. Furthermore, flexibility appears to lack convergence with its same trait tests as well as other fitness trait tests.