Ovarian function is dependent on the establishment and continual remodeling of a complex vascular system. The present review focuses on the ovarian morphological angiogenic processes that involve swine ovarian folliculogenesis and their modulatory molecular mechanisms: from the primordial follicles recruitment to the antral periovulatory stage. The process of angiogenesis, in particular, during the final stage of follicle development (from antral to periovulatory follicular phase) is deepened with a kinetic approach adopted by using an experimental prepubertal model where antral follicle’s selection, growth and ovulation are pharmacologically and timely controlled. Since the cyclicity of follicular angiogenesis is inducible under experimental conditions in several experimental and domestic animals using validated hormonal treatments, it may become a reproducible model to study in vivo molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in angiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling.

The present review has also focused the attention on the regulatory role of vascular endothelial growth factor A in controlling ovarian follicular development as orchestra conductor of the angiogenic process. The main animal model considered in the present review is the pig. The reproductive processes of this domestic animal is of a high translational value by considering the similarity with women of the long periovulatory window (40-44 hours from luteinizing hormone surge to ovulation). This animal model could become, for this reason, a valuable model in understanding the regulatory pathways involved in the final stage of follicular maturation.

Background: The primary aim was to retrospectively assess the incidence of superficial vein thrombosis in a patient cohort that had undergone surgery of the Small Saphenous Vein (SSV) due to Chronic Venous Disease (CVD).

Material and Methods: 76 consecutive, unselected patients who had undergone primary SSV surgery for CVD over a four year time span were included in this retrospective study. Diagnosis of superficial vein thrombosis of the SSV and of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) was made by means of patient history and preoperative Duplex Ultrasonography Findings (DUS).

Results: In 28 patients (36.8%) (36 legs) a condition after superficial vein thrombosis was diagnosed. Thromboembolic complications such as deep venous thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) occurred in 11 of 76 patients (14.4%). All of these patients suffered from superficial vein thrombosis.

Conclusion: We conclude that studies on superficial vein thrombosis of the SSV and possible thromboembolic complications are rarely found in the literature. The morbidity associated with SSV insufficiency may be underestimated.

Aim: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients on renal replacement therapy have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rate and are at high risk for the development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (ΑΑΑs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the management and outcome of ΑΑΑs in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Patients-Methods: During the period 2010-2015, an AAA was diagnosed in 19 ESRD patients. Thirteen out of them underwent Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR), 1 patient underwent Open Surgical Repair (OSR) and 5 patients were on regular follow-up.

Results: During the 6 year follow-up period, an endoleak was recorded in 7 out of the 13 aneurysms (36.8%). Endoleak was an early complication in one patient (14.3%) and late in six (85.7%) and was successfully managed with a repetitive EVAR in all cases. Five patients (26.3%) died including the patient who underwent OSR. The causes of death were sepsis in 3 patients (60%), device migration and aneurysm rupture in 1 patient (20%) and cerebrovascular accident in 1 patient (20%).

Conclusions: In end-stage renal disease patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, EVAR is a safe therapeutic option with low both peri-operative and long-term morbidity and mortality.

Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) encompasses the signs and symptoms of the lower extremities that affect patients after Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). It is a difficult disease to manage and requires multiple avenues of prevention. Currently the benefit of thrombolysis for DVT is being investigated and along with compression therapy is one of our options for treatment to prevent the development of PTS, but even with the best of care it is not always effective. We report a case of a 37 year old male with multiple unprovoked episodes of iliofemoral DVT who underwent catheter directed thrombolysis, but was noncompliant with compression. He has an 11 year follow-up resulting in bilateral skin changes and ulceration in left limb.