Objective: Eyelid skin laxity is an inevitable consequence of aging, and dry eye disease has a high incidence in the middle-aged and elderly population. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which eyelid laxity affects meibomian gland function and dry eye symptoms, evaluate the impact of eyelid laxity on tear film stability, tear secretion volume and inflammatory response, and provide new clinical evidence for the diagnosis and intervention of dry eye disease. Methods: A total of 200 subjects in our hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into a control group of 100 subjects without eyelid laxity symptoms and an experimental group of 100 subjects with different degrees of eyelid laxity. The experimental group was further subdivided into mild, moderate and severe laxity subgroups. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed by measuring indicators including Tear Film Break Up Time (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIt), Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), tear osmolarity and the level of inflammatory marker IL-6 in tears. Results: SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis of the samples. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x±s), and one-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison. The conclusions were as follows: with the aggravation of eyelid laxity, the objective indicators reflecting tear film stability, tear secretion volume, tear osmolarity and local inflammatory state all showed a consistent worsening trend. The specific results were as follows: TBUT decreased significantly with the aggravation of eyelid laxity: the mild laxity group was (7.87±0.12) seconds, the moderate group was (5.96±0.35) seconds, and the severe group decreased to (3.95±0.47) seconds, all significantly lower than that of the control group [(9.72±0.69) seconds, P<0.01]. The basic tear secretion volume of the control group was (12.0±1.1) mm, while those of the mild, moderate and severe laxity groups were (8.1±0.9) mm, (5.3±1.2) mm and (4.8±0.8) mm, respectively (P<0.01). The tear osmolarity of the control group was (298.45±7.98) mOsm/L, while those of the mild, moderate and severe laxity groups were (308.12±7.94) mOsm/L, (315.21±4.98) mOsm/L and (323.33±6.09) mOsm/L, respectively, with a significant increase in osmolarity (P<0.01). The IL-6 level of the control group was (3.98±2.01) pg/ml, while those of the mild, moderate and severe laxity groups were (11.78±3.70) pg/ml, (25.17±4.08) pg/ml and (38.63±7.45) pg/ml, respectively. The IL-6 level increased significantly with the aggravation of eyelid laxity, and the difference between the control group and the severe laxity group was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Eyelid laxity has a significant impact on tear film stability, tear secretion volume and inflammatory level, and may be a potential factor for the aggravation of dry eye symptoms. The significant changes in tear film break-up time and tear secretion volume are closely related to eyelid laxity. Early screening and intervention for patients with eyelid laxity may help prevent the deterioration of dry eye symptoms.

Objective: To figure out the latest incidence rate of pneumonia after post-stroke-dysphagia (PSD), related literature was included, then a meta-analysis was completed.

Methods: Articles on the incidence rate of pneumonia after PSD was searched by manual and electrical databases. Data were selective by screening the abstract, browsing the full text according to diagnostic criteria, and extracting the data on incidence rate of pneumonia. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.

Results: 1900 studies were initially retrieved and 14 studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis after extraction. The meta-analysis showed that the pooled incidence rate of pneumonia was 39% and the overall effect was 11.046 with high heterogeneity (I2>75%) using random effects. Furthermore, the incidence rate of pneumonia in the dysphagia group was 4.39 times higher than in the non-dysphagia group, with medium heterogeneity I2=60.5%. To find the heterogeneity, a subgroup analysis was carried out and the results indicated that the incidence rate of pneumonia was 37% in the prospective group and 26% in the retrospective group, but all with high heterogeneity (I2>75%). Finally, the combined incidence rate of hospital-acquired pneumonia was 0.26 without heterogeneity, which could be associated with sources and types of literature.

Conclusion: Our results have analyzed the incidence rate of pneumonia after PSD in 14 related literature, and the results showed that there was a 39% incidence rate of pneumonia in PSD patients, which might have certain guiding significance for early treatment and prognosis of pneumonia.