High oxidative stress due to increased free radicals generation and chronic hyperglycemia works in a vicious cycle by complementing each other, weakening the antioxidant enzyme defense system and finally may lead to diabetes mellitus. Increased oxidative stress is also suggested to be playing a key role in development of micro complication of diabetes. The present study has compared the anti-oxidative status and dietary pattern of Type-2 Diabetes subjects without complication (n=33), with complication (diabetes nephropathy: n=15) and age, gender, Body mass index matched control subjects (n=32). Indicator of oxidative stress and anti-oxidative enzyme levels were estimated. Present study has assessed oxidative stress in terms of Plasma malondialdehyde levels, which were found to be significantly high in subjects from both the diabetic groups as compared to normal subjects. All anti-oxidative enzymes were found to be lower in diabetic subjects compared to controls. Current daily consumption of dietary antioxidants (Beta carotene and vitamin C) was significantly low in all diabetic subjects compared to control whereas, amongst the two diabetic groups, it was significantly low in diabetes nephropathy group. In conclusion, increased generation of free radicals, weakened antioxidant enzyme defense and lower consumption of dietary antioxidant may increase oxidative stress and may contribute to progress of diabetic complications.

Polycystic ovary (ovarian) syndrome, or PCOS is predominantly a reproductive health issue affecting women of reproductive age, though argued it can be defined as young as age 13 and through to early premenopausal age cohorts. Currently, the Rotterdam criteria are used in PCOS diagnosis: However, new research and understanding suggest that this method is since outdated from its original 2003 definition. However, no systematic research has been conducted that fully generalizes women globally affected by PCOS. The use of serum-AMH in diagnosis of PCOS reveals a higher sensitivity (92) and specificity (97) level than those of the Rotterdam criteria; 81 and 92 percent respectively. The contrast between these two opposing methods of diagnosis creates a large gap in PCOS prevalence worldwide, with serum-AMH suggesting nearly 23 percent of women globally being affected by PCOS, opposed to the 16 percent based upon current methods. The purpose of this proposal is to provide just because for redefining diagnostic techniques, in association with PCOS globally, using serum-AMH levels as PCOS markers versus morphology. By conducting an initial online survey with the option to participate in serum level and follicle counting tests, a more global view of PCOS and PCOS diagnosis methods/tools can potentially be seen. Furthermore, a call to change how PCOS is approached on a diagnostic level could potentially be found in accordance with a wider spanning study population.