Background: India is “diabetes capital of the world”. Diabetes Atlas 2006 published by International Diabetes Federation, India currently around 40.9 million is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025 unless urgent preventive steps are taken. Over the past 30 yr, the status of diabetes has changed from being considered as a mild disorder to major causes of morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Rats treated with Alloxan (150 mg/kg) i.p. results diabetic rats given ethanol extract of Senna auriculata leaf, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds (150 mg/kg) p.o., respectively for 42 days. Biochemical parameters of diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy and histopathology of sciatic nerve, kidney and heart was done at the end of study.

Results: In Diabetic Group found Blood Glucose Level (BGL) (84.42±6.384 to 369.36±7.784mg/dl); Muscle Grip Strength (MGS) (59.32±1.052 to 13.52±0.883seconds); Thermal Pain Response (TPR) (5.55±0.621 to 13.67±1.164seconds). blood protein (7.48±0.051 to 25.18±0.046mg/dl); urine protein (0.692±0.061 to 2.68±0.056mg/dl); blood albumin (1.94±0.043 to 0.248±0.007mg/dl); urine albumin (0.082±0.009 to 2.68±0.056mg/dl); blood myoglobin (0.042±0.00274 to 0.056±0.00207ng/dl); urine myoglobin (0.0048±0.00142 to 0.0098±0.00107mg/dl); Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) (23.04±1.093 to 124.81±1.238 mg/dl); Serum Creatinine (84.06±6.723 to 218.56±7.586 (µMol/dl). Etholic extract of Senna auriculata leaf, Phyllanthus emblica.L. fruits and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds & combination treated groups found BGL124.42±7.042, 112.07±6.942, 126.25±7.051 & 98.83±6.932mg/dl; MGS 49.06±0.962, 52.05±1.247, 54.06±1.268 & 56.79±1.125 seconds; TPR 6.54±0.841, 7.38±0.802, 6.45±1.062 & 6.14±0.837 seconds; blood protein 7.98±0.039, 8.02±0.053, 8.06±0.039 & 7.48±0.045mg/dl; urine protein 1.22±0.058, 0.94±0.049, 0.96±0.056 & 0.82±0.062mg/dl; blood albumin 1.64±0.033, 1.82±0.036, 1.87±0.044 & 1.96±0.039mg/dl; urine albumin 0.122±0.008, 0.098±0.007, 0.132±0.009 & 0.108±0.011mg/dl; blood myoglobin 0.045±0.00189, 0.036±0.00177, 0.041±0.00223 & 0.043±0.00175ng/dl; urine myoglobin 0.0042±0.00129, 0.0052±0.00119, 0.0064±0.00126 & 0.0036±0.00125mg/dl; BUN 35.81±1.186, 36.06±1.123, 34.53±1.177 & 29.03±1.229mg/dl; Serum Creatinine 98.42±5.526, 99.73±6.064, 101.97±6.052 & 94.83±6.678µMol/dl.

Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Senna auriculata leaf, Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds (150mg/kg) and its combination normalizes biochemical parameters & Morphological changes in sciatic nerve, myocardium & kidney and improvement of the general behavioral parameters. Combination was found to be more effective in these diabetic complications.

Purpose: To explore the prevalence and associated factors for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) among female elderly fishing and agricultural population in Taipei, Taiwan.

Methods: Females (n=1,606) aged 65 years and over voluntarily admitted to a teaching hospital for a physical check-up were collected in 2010.

Results: The prevalence of CKD was 8.2%. Age, hyperuricemia, and hyperglycemia were statistical significantly related to CKD. The sensitivity and specificity of serum uric acid and fasting blood glucose concentration as a marker of CKD were estimated 76.5%, 70.9% and 51.5%, 53.5%, respectively.

Conclusion: Hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia independently affect the prevalent CKD in this sub-population.

The drugs used in the treatment of certain diseases may give impression of impaired renal function. These drugs cause a false high serum creatinine level. Laboratory findings other than serum creatinine and hypertriglyceridemia were normal. We presented a 28-year-old male with a high serum creatinine level, who was referred for consideration of urgent renal replacement therapy. The results of the investigations revealed that the result was the falsely-elevated serum creatinine due to the sustenance injection.

Patients with CKD are highly predisposed for developing accelerated atherosclerosis. These patients have non-traditional risk factors such inflammation, malnutrition and increased oxidative stress that enhance and accelerate atherosclerosis in addition to traditional risk factors. Although relation between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with CKD is well established, studies are suggesting about association of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) with CKD. PAD is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients of CKD.

This study is rendezvous to look for PAD and related risk factors in patients of CKD having eGFR less than 60 ml/ min/ 1.73 m2 (MDRDS) and not on RRT.

Two hundred ten subjects with CKD attending department of nephrology at tertiary care institute in valley were included in study. Out of 210 subjects selected, 30 were having PAD that constituted 14% of study population. IC was seen in 25 (11.9%) of 210 subjects. Out of PAD patients 16 (53.3%) were having history of IC and 14 (46.7%) were asymptomatic. As reported in literature, prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in CKD patients not on dialysis ranged from 7% to 32% in previous cases. This study will sensitize us to plan more effective screening, preventive and management strategies. This will go long way to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients.

Aim: To investigate the effect of exposure to petroleum products on eGFR, acid-base balance and electrolyte homeostasis among gasoline station workers in Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 68 (38 exposed and 30 unexposed) gasoline station workers who met the inclusion criteria. The instruments of survey included a semi-structured questionnaire, anthropometric measures and biochemical markers of renal function and hematological indices assessment. Values in the exposed group were compared to the corresponding values in the unexposed group.

Results: Serum anion gap, Cr, Ur, K+ and urinary excretion of electrolytes (Na+ and K+) and urea increased significantly (p<0.01), while eGFR, Cl- and pH levels decreased significantly in the exposed subjects compared to the corresponding level in the unexposed subjects.

Urinary Cr and HCO3- significantly decreased in male and female subjects respectively, but the decrease in pH did not reach statistical significance, while urinary K+ and UAG significantly increased only in exposed female subjects. Red blood cell indices (PCV, HB, MCH, MCHC, MCV and total RBC) and EOS counts significantly decreased and increased in male and female subjects, respectively.

Conclusion: Long-term exposure to petroleum products may be associated with significant decrease in eGFR, normal serum AG, positive urinary AG, azotemia and urinary excretion of electrolytes and hematotoxicity. Intervention programs to limit exposure and /or protect exposed workers against the potential detrimental effects of petroleum compounds on renal endpoints across different petro-chemical industries are strongly recommended.