Oncogenic viruses are able to induce malignant tumors during their infection. In general, host signaling pathways are classified into three categories: (1) growth stimulatory pathways such as PI3K-Akt, MAPK, NF-κB and Jak-STAT pathways; (2) growth inhibitory pathways such as DNA damage response and p53-mediated pathways; (3) immune response pathways such as TLR and IFN pathways. Upon virus infections, there are numerous factors to regulate a cascade of events ranging from cell proliferation and survival to apoptosis and other types of cell death. In this review, we give an overview of the impact that eight oncogenic viruses and their oncoproteins have on the host cell signaling pathway, providing an outline of their interactions with the major cascade molecules. Several of these associations of viral oncoproteins with member of the cellular signaling pathway may be essential for determining the oncogenecity of oncogenic viruses. Prospectively, further understanding these interactions will help reveal the potential roles of these molecules as therapeutic targets both for viral infections and tumorigenesis.