T he nanotoxicology of the biomaterials and their derivatives is an important consideration before their clinical application as drug delivery nanocarriers.

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) encompass any medical conditions related to the heart and blood vessels. Majority of CVD conditions are caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries. T his condition is referred to as atherosclerosis.

Cancer is a severe disease and growing as the leading cause of disease induced death. It leads to 8.2 million death in 2012 and got 14.2 million cases. This is an enormous burden to the patients, their families and the whole society.

Imiquimod [1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo [4,5-c] quinolin-4 amine] is imidazoquinolineamine

Excessive proliferation of cancer cells could be inhibited by disruption of microtubule network. Paclitaxel (PTX), a well-known chemotherapeutics, stabilizes microtubule networks and consequently interferes cell division. As other chemotherapeutics, pharmacodynamics of PTX seems to be promising

For a living being, both the aspects are there, the beneficial as well as the harmful effects on environment, on its living suroundings and on other associated living beings. In spite of beneficial, there are several pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and others), which are responsible for deadly diseases for example AIDS, diarrhea, tuberculosis, measles, immonocompromised diseases and many more. One more major threat is, trends of microorganisms, becoming resistant towards available drugs is a concern of mortallity and morbidity.

Despite tremendous advances in the diagnosis and management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in the present era of basic and clinical infectious diseases research, the constantly high mortality rate of the patients remains a challenge for scientists.

Many chronic disorders are often managed with diverse pharmacological agents or fixed dose combination due to the complementary mechanism of the drugs which have additive or synergistic effects. In the face of different co-morbidities, combination therapy with two or more agents often adequately control the multifactorial risk factors associated with such diseases. Multidrug therapy also permits lower doses of each agent to be utilized and attenuates the side effects associated with higher doses in monotherapy

Tacrolimus is widely used in clinic for the treatment of anti-rejection in liver or kidney transplant patients. It is characterized by narrow therapeutic range and great individual variation. Moreover, the complexity of interactions between tacrolimus and other drugs and the particularity of disease in patients with different physiological state seriously affect the blood concentrations of tacrolimus. Factors investigated that might influence the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus included postoperative days, age, height, body weight, race, hematocrit, type of graft, hepatic function, renal function, drug interaction and genetic polymorphisms. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the effects of different factors on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in liver transplantation patients.

Core Tip: To achieve a steady target concentration of tacrolimus is essential for liver transplant patients. In clinic, we should not only focus on the concentration of therapeutic drug monitoring results, but also pay attention to the influences of other factors on the concentration of tacrolimus

The present study was designed to evaluate the in-vitro Antioxidant activity on Sap of Borassus flabellifer. The various parts of the Plant such as leaves, seeds, bark, berries, Sap, roots, or flowers are extensively used for their medicinal property. Similarly, we found Sap of Borassus flabellifer exhibiting certain medicinal property. We performed in vitro Antioxidant activities on Sap of Borassus flabellifer in four different volumes (1ml Sap + 0ml Water, 1ml Sap + 1ml Water, 0.5ml Sap + 1ml Water, 0.25ml Sap + 1ml Water) by methods such as Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging activity and Lipid per oxidation inhibitory activity, compared with standard drug ascorbic acid dissolved in methanol solvent. The experiment was conducted and the results thus obtained showed that Sap of Borassus flabellifer exhibited significant Antioxidant activity.

A person may refrain of defecating because he feels shy in a strange house. And there are people who are anxious to defecate whenever possible, because they think it is good for them