Aims:
The objectives of this research work were isolation of Bifidobacteria from the human milk and its Probiotic characterization such as low pH, bile and in-vitro antimicrobial activity against diarrhea causing pathogen.

Methodology and Results:
In this research work, 47 bifidobacterial isolates were isolated from the human milk of the 50 lactating women and identified by using phenotypic methods. The isolates were examined in-vitro for their tolerance to unfavorable condition at low pH of 2 and 4 and at different concentrations of bile 0.3%, 0.5% and 1%. Further the isolates were tested for the antimicrobial activities by using diarrhea causing indicator stains such as E. coli, Salmonella enterica and Shigella boydii. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for the isolates which showed zone of inhibition in antimicrobial testing. Based on the result of in-vitro Probiotic test, the best four isolates Dbs18, Smk9, Smk4 and Smk5 were selected for further evaluation of tolerance test of phenol (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%), NaCl (5%, 8%, 12%). Auto aggregation and hydrophobicity assay were also done for the four selected isolates. In in-vitro test of low pH, out of 47 isolates only 14 isolates were able to grow whereas in bile tolerance assay most of the isolates grew well at 0.3% bile concentration but variability of growth of isolates were observed at 0.5% and 1% bile. In antimicrobial assay, 15 isolates out of 47 isolates showed antimicrobial activity after ruling out the inhibitory activity of low pH. In NaCl and phenol tolerance test all the four selected isolates were able to survive the different concentration of phenol and NaCl. The percentage of hydrophobicity and auto aggregation was highest in Dbs18 followed by Smk9 among the four isolates.

Conclusion, significance and impact of study:
Among the four isolates Dbs18 and Smk9 showed good hydrophobicity and auto aggregation ability. These bifidobacterial isolates Dbs18 and Smk9 are found to possess desirable Probiotic properties and will be selected for the in-vivo test and molecular identification will be done for the selected isolates. These bifidobacterial strains may act as a potential candidate of novel Probiotic strain isolated from human milk for the treatment of bacterial gastrointestinal diarrhea.

The enhancement of bioelectricity generation in the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) necessitated the introduction of exogenous compound (s) (i.e. mediators). The effect of 1ml of various synthetic exogenous mediators including dyes and metallorganics such as Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acid [EDTA], potassium ferricyanide [K3 Fe(CN)6 ], methylene blue [MB], neutral red [NR] and potassium permanganate [KMnO4 ] was investigated in a 21day study during electricity generation in an MFC. The maximum Power Density (PD) obtained without the addition of any mediator was 84.58mW/m2, while those MFCs which utilized mediators recorded higher energy yield. The highest power density and percentage energy contribution of 924.79mW/m2 (993.39%) was obtained using K3 Fe(CN)6, while values obtained with EDTA [803.71mW/m2 (850.24%)]; MB [340.45mW/m2 (302.52%)] and KMnO4 [192.14mW/m2 (121.17%)] as mediators were appreciably higher. Further study on the use of these mediators showed inhibitory effects with the % reduction of microbial load in the following trend as MB (4.96%) < EDTA (6.13%) < NR (11.67%) < Ferricyanide (19.16%) < KMnO4 (21.89%) when compared to the control. Although the application of mediators improved energy production, minimum inhibitory concentration of the mediators should be ascertained to prevent the eradication of electrogens during electricity production.

Bacteria belonging to genus Bacillus are endospore-forming bacteria Gram-positive and aerobic that are distinguished by the rod-designed cell morphology. Besides, they are found in varied environments. Bacillus sp., is known to have an economic interest. In fact, various strains or species are employed in animal and human food manufacture. Among Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus is particularly dangerous for humans. This bacterium is a source of food toxin and involves severe infections.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which can be use bacterial cultures as biocatalyst for the conversion of chemical energy into the electricity from the biomass. The bacteria that can be able to synthesis the electron from biodegradation of organic content and transfer the electron are known as exoelectrogen. The objective of this study was to investigate the electricity generation from the extremophilic bacterium isolated from Lonar Lake (India). Oceanobacillus iheyensis BS1(2), an alkalophilic, Gram-positive, spore forming, was isolated from the anode of a lonar lake sediment MFC that was continuously operated under pH 10.0. Before the culture transfer in anode, strain Oceanobacillus iheyensis BS12 was aerobically cultivated in medium Horikoshi II medium. A totally fifty seven bacterial culture were isolated, from which BS12 was selected for the further investigation of MFC. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BS1(2) was affiliated with the genus Oceanobacillus. The experimental results performed that the strain BS1(2) was capable of utilizing organic acids and sugars as electron donors to generate electricity. The MFC was constructed and the electricity generation was measured after various intervals using various parameters, 644mV electricity was generated after 1h, but after 48h the electricity generation dramatically decreases 420mV. The effect of pH on MFC was also studied, pH enhanced electricity (644mV), indicating requirement of pH for bacterium BS12. The present studies, thus serve in finding the proximate values of these course features which basic consequence in optimum bioelectricity generation.