Objective: The aim of this paper is to report the incidences and provide a new classification of the various types of Cannieu-Riché Anastomosis (CRA).

Materials and methods: The anatomical dissections of 80 limbs from 40 fresh adult cadavers were performed in the Department of Anatomy of the Medical School of the Catholic University of São Paulo. Sixty hands were dissected from 1979 to 1983, and 20 hands were dissected from 2011 to 2015. In all subjects, both hands were studied. Careful dissections were performed under high magnification (with a surgical microscope) with special reference to the incidence of CRA

Results: CRA was found in all of the dissected hands (100%). We propose a new classification of CRA: Type I until Type XI, describing the communication between the recurrent branch of the median nerve and the deep branch of the ulnar nerve to the deep head of flexor pollicis brevis, which is the most common type of anastomosis and our others observations.

Conclusion: According to our study, CRA should be viewed as a normal anatomical neural connection and not as an anatomical variation. The knowledge of this anastomosis is essential because the presence of such neural communication can cause confusing clinical, surgical and electromyographical findings in cases of complete or incomplete median or ulnar nerve lesions or entrapment neuropathies

Objectives: We sought to determine the utility of a low-cost simulator and brief educational session to help students understand midline neck anatomy and increase exposure to otolaryngology with an easily reproducible model.

Design: Pilot study including survey with lecture and hands on instructional lesson.

Methods: As part of the first-year medical student curriculum at our university, the otolaryngology department offers a workshop on head and neck anatomy and related components of the physical exam. Students participated in five 20-minute stations. One was devoted to neck anatomy with models of midline structures and a tracheostomy. Students completed a survey after the head and neck station.

Results: 182 students responded to the survey. Over 85% of participants felt the head and neck station and models helped them understand anatomy of the neck. Eighty-five percent of students responded the models helped them visualize what a tracheostomy would look like in a patient. Before the head and neck station, 16% of students agreed or strongly agreed that they had interest in ENT, Ear Nose and Throat surgery, as a career. After the station, that increased to 73% (p<0.05). Sixty-nine percent of students stated the tracheostomy models specifically increased their interest in otolaryngology

Conclusion: Simulation is a useful adjunct for teaching head and neck anatomy to medical students. Our workshop’s head and neck station, with lecture and simulation, strongly increased participant interest in otolaryngology and solidified relevant anatomy.

We colorized 1860 saggital slices from the brachial plexus of a cadaver including the fascicles, blood vessels and bones. These slices were compiled into a continuous video and correlated with continuous sonography of a live model. The video shows cadaver slices and ultra-sound videos of:

(1) The nerve roots and transverse processes

(2) The intercostal nerves and paravertebral space

(3) The plexus trunks and scalene muscles

(4) The plexus divisions, subclavian artery and pleura

(5) The plexus cords and axillary artery

(6) The formation of peripheral nerves and the brachial artery

This report describes a long rectal duplication cyst found during routine dissection of an 82 year old male cadaver. The cyst was tubular, blind-ending and non-communicating. It emerged from the posterior rectal wall approximately 13cm superior to the anal verge and was 12cm in length. Long duplication cysts such as that described may cause complications such as perforation, bleeding and chronic pain. Hence duplication cysts should form part of the differential work up in a clinical setting.