Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, known as PAHs, typically persist in the environment, exposing humans to a? considerable health hazard because of the toxins they contain and their capability of triggering cancer. Anthropogenic activities have introduced high levels of PAHs into Arabian Gulf countries’? soil and coastal waters. Numerous studies have indicated that diverse bacterial? strains can successfully break down PAHs. The deduction made is that biodegradation stands as the top choice in terms of? safety, effectiveness, and affordability when it comes to handling PAH-contaminated sites and locations. The efficiency of degrading three PAHs was analyzed in this study with the use? of two novel bacterial strains, considering the optimal temperature and pH requirements. Coastal sediments from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia yielded pure cultures of Ochrobactrum intermedium BC1 and Cupriavidus? taiwanensis LA, which were subjected to spiking with 100ppm concentrations each for anthracene, fluorene, and naphthalene. They were then incubated at 25°C in? a shake incubator for 18 days. A solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) device was used. The extraction of residual PAHs? was the main objective of using the SPME device. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to quantify and? analyze the residues at predefined time intervals. By the conclusion of the 18-day timeframe, Ochrobactrum intermedium BC1 degraded naphthalene completely. Additionally, anthracene? experienced a reduction of approximately 87%, while fluorene underwent a decrease of about 67. Cupriavidus taiwanensis LA degraded anthracene, fluorene, and? naphthalene by 88%, 53%, and 91% respectively. The degrading efficiency of these novel strains of? bacteria is evidenced by these results. In closing, these strains can be considered potential members of a consortium of microbes? capable of degrading PAHs that can be employed effectively in various cleanup endeavors.

Exposure to heavy metal pollutants through air, soil, water and food is a growing concern due to its toxicity in living organisms. In this study, concentration of toxic metals like cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and aluminium (Al) were analysed in silver leaf coated sugar confectionaries to evaluate their risk in humans. The elemental contamination can be due to various factors like industrialization, mining and over exploitation of natural resources, however this study focuses on adulteration of these toxic metals in food with emphasis on aluminium contamination in silver leaf along with other toxic metals. The identification of metals was accomplished by a validated technique employing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method was evaluated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), repeatability, recovery, accuracy, within-lab reproducibility, linearity and measurement of uncertainty. The concentrations of toxic metals were below the maximum residual limits for Pb, Hg, Cd, and As. To assess the toxicity of these metals, the Hazard Quotients were measured. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for silver leaf-coated sugar confectionaries ranged from 9 to 10985 for aluminium in approximately 30% of samples, and were less than 0.01 for other metals. The highest levels of THQ were observed in aluminium > 1, suggesting a high health risk to humans. The correlation of samples with and without aluminium foil was investigated by a statistical evaluation of data employing the Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. In most cases, the food was found to be adulterated with aluminium and traces of nickel, whereas other toxic metals were detected well below the maximum detection limits (MRL).

Rat is one of the most commonly used model animals for biological research. The organs and systems of human being are somewhat similar to that of rat in structure as well as functions, making it a valuable choice for research experimentation in biological sciences. A number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the potential risks and toxicity of different elements on the physiology and histology of rats. There is need to address certain environmental factors affecting rats condition during experimentation. Reproduction along with its pathologies is under investigation on larger scale throughout the world, being central for the existence of a species. These studies focus on the major factors that influence reproductive function. Review of literature clearly indicated the unwanted consequences of over nutrition, malnutrition, high or low temperature, non-enriched housing, improper handling, intense or poor light exposure and environmental pollution on histology and hormonal profile of reproductive system of rats.

Environment-Wide Associations Studies (EWAS / EnvWAS) are an approach involving multiple analyses of the relationship between several exposures to a health event. This approach allows us to study the impact of an exposome on a health event. The Elja package was developed using R to perform the EnvWAS analytical approach. This package performs repeated analyses in the case of linear regression models, logistic regression models, and, more generally, generalized linear models.

The results are presented in two complementary ways. In a detailed way, with a table automatically generated at the end of the analysis allows all results to be consulted and then extracted. In a more visual way, with a Manhattan plot displaying the results in their entirety, with a significance threshold of 0.05 and the corrected threshold.

This package is compatible with Windows, Ubuntu and MacOS. It is available free of charge on GitHub (https://github.com/EHMarwan/ Elja) and the CRAN directory.

Female reproduction is affected by various factors such as stress, high-fat diet, and exposure to EDCs during a sensitive period like puberty, gestation, and lactation.

Consumption of poultry meat is higher than red meat due to easy availability, good taste, low cost and palatability. Significant improvement in meat yield and growth rate of broiler chicken has been brought about with the help of genetic selection of desirable traits. The present study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the chronic effect of domestic and broiler chicken meat consumption on male hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, lipid profile and oxidative stress on postnatal male rats. Rats were divided into five groups: control, B1, B2, D1 and D2 groups and were fed with 0.17g and 0.34g of broiler and domestic chicken meat from postnatal day 21 to PND90.The significant elevated body weight and weight gain in B2 group (P<0.01), minor change in B1 and D2 group (P<0.05) were detected. In gonadosomatic index absolute and relative epididymis weight, weight of seminal vesical and Prostate weight was significantly augmented in B2 compared to control and D2. Kidney and liver weight in B1, B2 was markedly elevated and minor change in D2 groups. ROS level in B2 was significantly higher than other experimental groups. Serum level of FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol and low density lipoprotein was significantly elevated in B2 compared to control and D2. In B2 rats fed with 0.34g broiler meat exhibited a marked decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelial height and increased lumen diameter changes that were more prominent compared to rats fed with 0.34g domestic chicken meat.

Conclusively chronic administration of broiler meat induces marked alteration in reproductive system, testicular morphology, sexual hormones and oxidative stress in postnatal Sprague Dawley male rats compared to domestic chicken meat.

Acute lung injury is characterized by acute inflammation and disruption of the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome or ARDS clinically characterized by bilateral or diffuse radiographic infiltrates, hypoxemia, decreased lung compliance, and increased ventilatory dead space. The histological manifestation of ARDS is diffuse alveolar damage as defined by epithelial injury, hyaline membrane formation and alveolar flooding with proteinaceous fluid, increase alveolar surface area and frequently neutrophilic inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of MgO Nanoparticle, on body weight, BALF, antioxidant activity, liver, lipid profile, complete blood count and lungs in cage cigarette smoke acute lung injury rat model. Thirty albino healthy male rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups, negative control group (NCG), positive control group (PCG), standard control group (SCG), low dose treatment group (LDTG-MgO 150), high dose treatment group (HDTG-MgO 300). Results revealed that MgO nanoparticles exhibited dose dependent increase in body weight, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in alveoli, normalized antioxidant capacity, attenuate hepatic damage, reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c LDL-c, increased peripheral blood WBCs, RBCs, Hb and platelets, attenuate the lungs histopathological alterations, progressive enlarged alveolar space, bronchial constriction, dilation and thinning of pulmonary vessel. Intra-alveolar multinucleated macrophages accumulation, apoptosis and deterioration of alveolar walls in” cage cigarette smoke acute lung injury rat model. Conclusively this formulation of selected nanoparticles at high dose exhibited dose dependent potential ameliorative effect on acute lung injury and can be valuable therapeutic intervention.

Gully erosion is the major environmental problem threating huge area of agricultural lands in south Ethiopia, particularly. The present study aimed at evaluating demonstrates gully treatment methods for gully rehabilitation in Kamba, South Ethiopia. On farm filed experiments, key informant interview and focus group discussion were used to collect and analyze experimental data. The result of this study indicates that integration of check dame with Elephant grass have significant effect on gully rehabilitation. This integration was reduced gully depth, slope gradient, gully volume and soil loss. Slope of gully bed was reduced by 60%, 46% 37% respective years. Similarly gully depth reduced by 2.54m, 1.72m and 1.456m while gully volume was reduced by 37.44m3, 8.81m3 and 4.32m3 due to check dam as the same order of slope changes. Data such as sediment deposition and biomass production were collected, to investigate their effectiveness in reducing soil erosion and biomass production. Over a period of two years practices caused measurable gully morphology resulted soil calculated was 248.41kg of soil were deposited in 12.76m2 area. According to Focus group discussion farmers viewed these gully rehabilitation measures was positively, apart from the high labour, input materials and technical requirements of stone check dam. Based on the results the study concluded that check dam integrated with Elephant grass in the gully bed have positive effective rehabilitate gully erosion in the study area. Therefore, farmers should use gully rehabilitation techniques to preserve their land.

Cigarette smoking, or tobacco consumption, remains a significant health concern around the world. While there has been more focus on the harmful effects of nicotine in cigarettes, only little is known about some other components such as Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides like DDT and Aldrin, which are used on tobacco farms. Human exposure to pesticide residues on tobacco occurs when residues remaining in cigarette smoke are inhaled.

This study was carried out with the aim of (i) investigating the concentration levels of organochlorine pesticides (Aldrin and DDT) and PCB in ten Market available cigarettes in Abeokuta, Ogun State, and (ii) assess the human health associated with the concentration levels found in the cigarettes.

The Mean concentration ranges of the pesticides in the cigarette samples were as follows; Aldrin (0.015µg/g - 0.048µg/g). DDT (0,116µg/g - 0.330µg/g), and PCB (0.223µg/g - 0.567µg/g). From the analysis, the hazard quotient for the pesticides and PCB were also very low and unable to cause any health problems, with the cancer risk in them also at a very minimal level. However, PCB is more likely to be carcinogenic due to its high cancer risk values, though it might not have a significant effect in contributing to non-carcinogenic adverse effects, just like with DDT and Aldrin.