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Forming the Differential Equations from Simple Polynomial Regression Models

It is presented a method useful to form ordinary differential equations from nonlinear regression models of the type , a power series allowing to directly retrieving the differential model from raw data after fitting, to be differential equation itself. compared with the differential model expected for the biological system which is studied. In particular for any possible value of n, the highest power at which the independent variable is raised, the paper gives the method to get the differential equation having the polynomial as solution. The use of power series allows some practical advantages when dealing with differential equations, and one of these - in some

Michele Nichelatti*


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New Perspective on Tappeh Hesar

Since the last decades, scientists have tried to answer where human beings originated and how spread all over the world. In this way, ancient human remains can play a fundamental role to answer these questions. Tappeh Hesar is a prehistoric site located in the Damghan city (northeastern Iran). This place history dates back to more than 4 000 years. Due to the city’s key position in trade and communications, it has always been an attractive site for archaeologists. In this study ancient DNA was extracted from one human skeletal remains by considering all precautions. All mitochondrial hypervariable segments (HVS-I, HVS-II and HVSIII) were analyzed using sequencing. After comparison HVS sequences with revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS), the consensus sequences showed three transitions in HVS-II. Haplogroup H32 was determined for this sample. Haplogroup H is a Eurasian haplogroup which likely originated in Southwest Asia ∼25–30 thousand years ago (kya) and entered Europe ∼23–28 kya. Nearly half of Europeans have this haplogroup and there is a considerable frequency of haplogroup H in Middle East. Evidences indicate long-term presence of this haplogroup at western Asia.

Peyman Zargari1, Sajad Habibi Azarian1, Kamran Ahmadi1, Parastoo Erfanmanesh1 and Mahmoud Tavallaie1*


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Attitudes toward Seclusion in Psychiatry in the Elderly

Seclusion of a patient who has been admitted to an institution for psychiatric care is one of the possible interventions from a range of treatment and care strategies. Seclusion is used in different kinds of institutions, for example, in psychiatric hospitals, institutions for mentally handicapped persons, and judicial institutions. Seclusion is a controversial issue in the care of psychiatric inpatients, having provoked moral debate for several decades. Seclusion is associated with neglect and abuse; thus, the issue provokes emotional reactions on both sides of the debate. According to Mattson and Sacks.

Jerome Palazzolo*


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Armed Conflicts and Mental Health

War has being defined as an armed conflict between the states or countries to attain their purpose or defend their rights resulting in autonomous destruction of a state’s economy and subjecting people to physical and mental disturbance. There have been long debates on the post-war effects on the mental health of the people disturbing them socially, economically and cognitively.

Syed Muhammad Mustahsan*


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Feeling Around in the Dark

Childbirth marks a critical time period in a woman’s life and is accompanied by a myriad of mental, physical, and social adjustments. Postpartum Depression (PPD) screening is by far the most established method of evaluating maternal wellness and the most current recommendation from the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) states that depression screening may be beneficial, despite its detractors and evidence that it does not ultimately affect outcomes or facilitate treatment engagement.

Jennifer L Barkin¹, Kristina C Hawkins², Tiffany Stanfill Thomas³, and David C Parish¹


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Does a High Protein Diet Induce Oxidative Damage?

T he purpose of the present letter is to determine the marginal level of high protein diet which modulates oxidative damage. The author hopes that the determination of the marginal level of high protein diet which modulates oxidative damage could contribute to the research for oxidative damage, apoptosis, obesity, cell proliferation, differentiation or cancer. Consumption of a high protein diet is of interest in terms of one of dietary interventions for weight loss. Camiletti-Moirón et al. [1] reported that a high protein diet induces oxidative damage to the brain in rats by means of lipid peroxidation or protein oxidation. In the paper, however, the diet contained 45% dietary protein for the high protein group compared to the basal protein group. If the diet contains more than the content (e.g., 60-80% dietary protein) in the experimental or clinical study, it is my opinion that an “excessive dietary protein” may be the suitable terminology for the level of dietary protein rather than a “high protein diet”.

Sung Jae Shin*


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Causes, Impact and Management of Drug Shortage Crisis

The number of new and continuing drug shortages has continued to be on the rise for last ten years. Drug shortages not only reduces the quality of patient care but also contributes to the indirect costs on the healthcare systems by requiring additional time and money to be spent finding alternatives, rescheduling procedures, or modifying drug usage protocols. In order to better understand the dilemma of this crisis, this review article will focus on the specific causes, impact, and most importantly, management strategies of the drug shortage crisis.

Sweta M Patel


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Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms of MDR1, RFC1, FPGS, GGH, and MTHFR on Methotrexate Efficacy and Toxicity in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Aim: To investigate the influence of genetic polymorphisms of Multidrug Resistant Gene (MDR1), Reduced Folate Carrier (RFC1), Folylpolyglutamyl Synthase (FPGS), Gamma Glutamyl Hydrolase (GGH), and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) on Methotrexate (MTX) efficacy and toxicity in Chinese patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Methods: One hundred and thirteen Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 classification criteria were recruited in this study. All patients were treated with low-dose MTX (10-20 mg/week) without concomitant uses of other DMARDs for at least six months. RFC1 80G>A, MDR1 3435C>T, FPGS rs1544105 G>A, GGH - 401C>T, MTHFR 677C>T and MTHFR 1298A>C were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) methods. The MTX toxicity assessment was categorized according to the common toxicity criteria of the National Cancer Institute.

Result: The remission of RA symptoms was achieved in all the MDR1 3435TT genotype carriers (16/16), in 73.1% of subjects with 3435CT genotype (38/52), and in 75.6% of patients with 3435CC genotype (34/45) (P=0.046), respectively. Interaction between SNPs in RFC1 80 and MTHFR 1298 seemed to affect the efficacy of MTX with the best overall performances (accuracy of 0.67) and a CVC of 10/10 (P=0.002). MTHFR 677T allele carriers were more susceptible to MTX toxicity (P=0.007, OR:1.897, 95%CI: 1.725-2.087), compared to those with CC genotype. Of four diplotypes, patients with MTHFR CA-TA diplotype were more easy to experience toxicity (P=0.007, OR: 2.273, 95%CI: 1.303-3.964) when compared to patients without CA-TA diplotype.

Conclusion: MDR1 3435C>T might influence efficacy of RA therapy with MTX. Interaction between RFC1 80 and MTHFR 1298 seemed to impact MTX efficacy. Polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene were associated with toxicity of MTX. Further studies are warranted.

Xiao-lan MO¹²#, Jia-li LI³#, Jie CHEN¹, Xiu-yan YANG⁴, Min HUANG³, Moses SS Chow⁵, Yan-ling HE², Ye-chun YANG⁶, and Xiao CHEN¹*


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Face to Face with Scapholunate Instability

In this paper we have attempted at proposing a new classification of scapholunate instability that in our opinion can be used in majority of cases with scapholunate complex injury. Incomplete and isolated scapholunate interosseous ligament lesions are of no clinical relevance to SL dissociation or carpal instability. We have concluded that the new classification can be used in all types of SLIL lesions and we are convinced that it will help in choosing the right type of surgery.

Ahmed Elsaftawy*


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Congenital Pseudoarthrosis of the Clavicle: Treatment Options Using Alternative Implants

Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle is a rare condition. It is diagnosed at an early age by a defect in the supraclavicular fossa and the absence of a central zone portion of the clavicle in the X-ray image. Origins of the condition are not well understood nor are the best age for, and need for treatment, since it is asymptomatic in many cases. If the clinical presentation is neurovascular compression or shoulder dysfunction, reconstruction of the clavicle with a plate and bone graft from the iliac crest seems to be the most commonly accepted option.

Our case corresponds to a girl aged 9 years with an established diagnosis and a dysfunctional clinical history of the shoulder, as well as a progressively worsening esthetic defect due to the progression of the malformation. The patient was treated using a 2.7 mm mandibular reconstruction plate shaped to resemble an adult clavicle plate with an iliac crest graft. Evolution after treatment was favorable.

Currently, mandibular reconstruction plates are broadly available for treatment in orthopedic and traumatology surgery departments, mainly in pediatric surgery, since they provide the same advantages as adult reconstruction plates but with lower profiles. Their main advantage lies in the availability of support materials for three-dimensional modeling systems allowing for the plate to be adapted to the particular anatomical site, which in this case would be the clavicle.

R Sanjuan-Cervero¹,³*, N. Franco-Ferrando²


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journal publishing high quality articles in the contributions to the natural and applied sciences and biotechnology in areas such as value-added crop utilization; lipid quality, utilization and biotechnology; food nanotechnology; functional foods, food enzymology; meat quality; fermentation and formulation technologies; microbial bioproducts and biotechnology; food and environmental microbiology; carbohydrate quality and utilization; nutraceuticals and nutrigenomics; protein quality and utilization; biocontrol of molds and mycotoxins; and mycology. Our experienced team of experts provides editorial excellence, rapid publication, and high visibility for your paper.

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multidisciplinary approach that brings together experts in plastic surgery, wound care, rehabilitation, and trauma management. Our experienced team of experts provides editorial excellence, rapid publication, and high visibility for your paper.

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crustaceans and echinoderms, and by extension, aquatic plants such as kelp. We are also accepting significant contributions on species that support the majority of the world's fisheries such as herring, cod, anchovy, tuna, flounder, mullet, squid, shrimp, salmon, crab, lobster, oyster and scallops. Our experienced team of experts provides editorial excellence, rapid publication, and high visibility for your paper.

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journal publishing high quality articles in the division of plant physiology, plant molecular biology, plant biochemistry, plant biophysics, plant bioinformatics, plant cell biology, plant genetics, plant systematic, plant ecology, plant physiology, plant-microbe interactions, mycology and plant pathology, phylogeography, evolutionary biology, phylogeny, taxonomy, plant genetics, ecology, developmental biology, plant cell science, etc. Our experienced team of experts provides editorial excellence, rapid publication, and high visibility for your paper.

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 husbandry and management of the animal colonies, biology of mammals and higher vertebrates, productivity of domestic animals, Veterinary Microbiology, vital processes of normal and diseased animals, clinical and surgical management of complex disease problems of livestock and to develop animal models for research in comparative medicine and allied disciplines, development and implementation of the nonhuman primate enrichment program, maintenance and development of the animal records database, research support, and collection of biological specimens, etc. Our experienced team of experts provides editorial excellence, rapid publication, and high visibility for your paper. 

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Seth J. Worley, MD, FHRS, FACC

Director, Interventional Implant Program MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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